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arXiv 2102.03243cs.CVcs.AI
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超球面嵌入用于新类别分类

Hyperspherical embedding for novel class classification

National Laboratory of Scientific Computing(国家科学计算实验室);INRIA(法国国家信息与自动化研究所)

Rafael S. Pereira, Alexis Joly, Patrick Valduriez, Fabio Porto

摘要:

深度学习模型在许多不同的行业中变得越来越有用。在图像分类领域,卷积神经网络证明了学习闭集问题鲁棒特征的能力,如许多不同的数据集所示,如MNIST FASHIONMNIST,CIFAR10,CIFAR100和IMAGENET。这些方法使用具有softmax激活函数的密集层的深度神经网络,以便学习可以在潜在空间中分离类别的特征。然而,这种传统的方法对于识别训练集上看不见的类(称为开集问题)没有用处。在涉及小数据学习的场景中也会出现类似的问题。为了解决这两个问题,已经提出了少样本学习。特别地,度量学习学习服从潜在空间中的度量距离的约束的特征,以便执行分类。然而,虽然这种方法被证明对开集问题是有用的,但当前的实现需要成对训练,其中在训练阶段期间呈现相似图像的正面和负面示例,这限制了这些方法在大数据或大类场景中的适用性,因为可能的输入具有组合性质。我们提出了一种基于约束的方法,应用于[18]提出的归一化softmax损失下的潜在空间中的表示。我们通过实验验证了所提出的方法,该方法使用度量学习和归一化softmax损失,在不相交和联合场景下对不同数据集上的不可见类进行分类。我们的研究结果表明,我们提出的策略不仅可以在更大的类集合上有效地训练,因为它不需要成对学习,而且比度量学习策略的分类结果更好,其准确性大大超过了度量学习策略。

英文摘要:

Deep learning models have become increasingly useful in many different industries. On the domain of image classification, convolutional neural networks proved the ability to learn robust features for the closed set problem, as shown in many different datasets, such as MNIST FASHIONMNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, and IMAGENET. These approaches use deep neural networks with dense layers with softmax activation functions in order to learn features that can separate classes in a latent space. However, this traditional approach is not useful for identifying classes unseen on the training set, known as the open set problem. A similar problem occurs in scenarios involving learning on small data. To tackle both problems, few-shot learning has been proposed. In particular, metric learning learns features that obey constraints of a metric distance in the latent space in order to perform classification. However, while this approach proves to be useful for the open set problem, current implementation requires pair-wise training, where both positive and negative examples of similar images are presented during the training phase, which limits the applicability of these approaches in large data or large class scenarios given the combinatorial nature of the possible inputs.In this paper, we present a constraint-based approach applied to the representations in the latent space under the normalized softmax loss, proposed by[18]. We experimentally validate the proposed approach for the classification of unseen classes on different datasets using both metric learning and the normalized softmax loss, on disjoint and joint scenarios. Our results show that not only our proposed strategy can be efficiently trained on larger set of classes, as it does not require pairwise learning, but also present better classification results than the metric learning strategies surpassing its accuracy by a significant margin.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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