用48 GeV/c碳束进行的无扰逆运动学核子敲除测量
Unperturbed inverse kinematics nucleon knockout measurements with a 48 GeV/c carbon beam
摘要：
从超导体到原子核，强相互作用的多体系统在自然界中无处不在。测量这种系统的微观结构是一个艰巨的挑战，经常遇到的粒子击倒散射实验。虽然这种测量是绘制原子核结构的基础，但它们的解释经常受到入射和散射粒子的量子力学初态和终态相互作用（ISI/FSI）的挑战。在这里，我们克服了这个基本的限制，通过测量准自由散射的48 GeV/c 12 C离子从氢。单质子的分布是通过检测两个质子在大角度符合一个完整的11 B核。11B检测被示出为选择反应的透明部分，并且排除将使11B分开的其他大ISI/FSI。通过对剩余10 B和10 Be核的进一步探测，我们还识别出了短程关联核子-核子对，为从剩余多体核系统中分离出核子-核子对波函数提供了直接的实验证据。所有测量的反应都很好地描述了理论计算，不包含ISI/FSI扭曲。因此，我们的研究结果展示了一个新的能力，研究短寿命的放射性原子核的短距离结构在即将到来的FAIR和FRIB设施。这些研究将是至关重要的发展一个突破性的微观理解的结构和性质的原子核远离稳定和形成可见物质在宇宙中。
英文摘要：
From superconductors to atomic nuclei, strongly-interacting many-body systems are ubiquitous in nature. Measuring the microscopic structure of such systems is a formidable challenge, often met by particle knockout scattering experiments. While such measurements are fundamental for mapping the structure of atomic nuclei, their interpretation is often challenged by quantum mechanical initial- and final-state interactions (ISI/FSI) of the incoming and scattered particles. Here we overcome this fundamental limitation by measuring the quasi-free scattering of 48 GeV/c 12C ions from hydrogen. The distribution of single protons is studied by detecting two protons at large angles in coincidence with an intact 11B nucleus. The 11B detection is shown to select the transparent part of the reaction and exclude the otherwise large ISI/FSI that would break the 11B apart. By further detecting residual 10B and 10Be nuclei, we also identified short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon-nucleon pairs, and provide direct experimental evidence for the separation of the pair wave-function from that of the residual many-body nuclear system. All measured reactions are well described by theoretical calculations that do not contain ISI/FSI distortions. Our results thus showcase a new ability to study the short-distance structure of short-lived radioactive atomic nuclei at the forthcoming FAIR and FRIB facilities. These studies will be pivotal for developing a ground-breaking microscopic understanding of the structure and properties of nuclei far from stability and the formation of visible matter in the universe.
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