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arXiv 2102.02169cond-mat.softcond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.stat-mechnlin.PS
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急动活性物质:具有平移和取向记忆的相场晶体模型

Jerky active matter: a phase field crystal model with translational and orientational memory

Michael te Vrugt, Julian Jeggle, Raphael Wittkowski

摘要:

大多数活性物质的场论都忽略了记忆和惯性的影响。然而,最近的实验已经发现惯性延迟对于自推进粒子的运动是重要的。这些效应的理论描述中的一个主要挑战,使得标准方法的应用非常困难,这是可定向粒子具有平移和定向自由度的事实,这些自由度不一定在相同的时间尺度上放松。在这项工作中,我们推导出具有两个不同时间尺度的软物质系统的场论的一般数学形式。这允许获得极性的相场晶体模型(即,非球形或活性)粒子。值得注意的是,这个理论在时间导数上是三阶的,因此可以被看作是时空突变动力学。我们得到了这个模型的相图,这表明,与被动的情况下,液体状态的线性稳定性取决于阻尼系数。此外,我们还研究了活性物质中的声波。研究发现,在活性流体中,存在两种不同的声传播机制。对于某些参数值和足够高的频率,由极化波介导的声音比由相同频率的压力波介导的通常的被动声音经历更少的阻尼。通过不同模式的组合,可以实现基于有源流体的声频滤波器。

英文摘要:

Most field theories for active matter neglect effects of memory and inertia. However, recent experiments have found inertial delay to be important for the motion of self-propelled particles. A major challenge in the theoretical description of these effects, which makes the application of standard methods very difficult, is the fact that orientable particles have both translational and orientational degrees of freedom which do not necessarily relax on the same time scale. In this work, we derive the general mathematical form of a field theory for soft matter systems with two different time scales. This allows to obtain a phase field crystal model for polar (i.e., nonspherical or active) particles with translational and orientational memory. Notably, this theory is of third order in temporal derivatives and can thus be seen as a spatiotemporal jerky dynamics. We obtain the phase diagram of this model, which shows that, unlike in the passive case, the linear stability of the liquid state depends on the damping coefficients. Moreover, we investigate sound waves in active matter. It is found that, in active fluids, there are two different mechanisms for sound propagation. For certain parameter values and sufficiently high frequencies, sound mediated by polarization waves experiences less damping than usual passive sound mediated by pressure waves of the same frequency. By combining the different modes, acoustic frequency filters based on active fluids could be realized.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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