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arXiv 2102.01633cs.NEcs.FL
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用确定性上下文无关语言实现模拟神经元层次的更强分离

Stronger Separation of Analog Neuron Hierarchy by Deterministic Context-Free Languages

Jiří Šíma

摘要:

我们分析了具有饱和线性激活函数的离散时间递归神经网络(NN)的计算能力。这个模型限制为整数权重符合二进制状态的神经网络与Heaviside激活函数,这是等价的有限自动机(乔姆斯基3级)识别正则语言(REG),而合理的权重使这个模型图灵完全,甚至为三个模拟状态单元(乔姆斯基0级)。对于一个二进制状态神经网络的中间模型$α$ ANN,扩展与$α\geq 0$额外的模拟状态神经元与合理的权重,我们已经建立了模拟神经元层次0ANNs $\subset$ 1ANNs $\subset$ 2ANNs $\subseteq$ 3ANNs。非正则确定性上下文无关语言(DCFL)$L_\#=\{0^n1^n\mid n\geq 1\}$证明了1ANN $\subsetneqq$ 2ANN的分离,即使使用实权重,也不能被任何1ANN识别,而任何DCFL(Chomsky级别2)都可以被具有合理权重的2ANN接受。在本文中,我们通过证明任何非正则DCFL都不能被具有实权重的1个ANN识别来加强这种分离,这意味着(DCFL $\setminus$ REG)$\subset$(2个ANN $\setminus$ 1个ANN),这意味着1个ANN $\cap$ DCFL = 0个ANN。为此,我们通过将$L_\#$简化为该类中的任何语言,证明了$L_\#$是最简单的非正则DCFL,这本身就是可计算性理论中一个有趣的成就。

英文摘要:

We analyze the computational power of discrete-time recurrent neural networks (NNs) with the saturated-linear activation function within the Chomsky hierarchy. This model restricted to integer weights coincides with binary-state NNs with the Heaviside activation function, which are equivalent to finite automata (Chomsky level 3) recognizing regular languages (REG), while rational weights make this model Turing-complete even for three analog-state units (Chomsky level 0). For the intermediate model $α$ANN of a binary-state NN that is extended with $α\geq 0$ extra analog-state neurons with rational weights, we have established the analog neuron hierarchy 0ANNs $\subset$ 1ANNs $\subset$ 2ANNs $\subseteq$ 3ANNs. The separation 1ANNs $\subsetneqq$ 2ANNs has been witnessed by the non-regular deterministic context-free language (DCFL) $L_\#=\{0^n1^n\mid n\geq 1\}$ which cannot be recognized by any 1ANN even with real weights, while any DCFL (Chomsky level 2) is accepted by a 2ANN with rational weights. In this paper, we strengthen this separation by showing that any non-regular DCFL cannot be recognized by 1ANNs with real weights, which means (DCFLs $\setminus$ REG) $\subset$ (2ANNs $\setminus$ 1ANNs), implying 1ANNs $\cap$ DCFLs = 0ANNs. For this purpose, we have shown that $L_\#$ is the simplest non-regular DCFL by reducing $L_\#$ to any language in this class, which is by itself an interesting achievement in computability theory.

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