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arXiv 2102.01493quant-ph
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经典和量子体系中功和热的测量

Measurement of work and heat in the classical and quantum regimes

Paolo Solinas, Mirko Amico, Nino Zanghì

摘要:

尽管人们的兴趣越来越大,但在量子水平上研究功和热概念的研究领域存在两个主要缺点:第一,难以正确定义和测量量子系统中的功、热和内能变化;第二,缺乏实验。在这里,我们报告了一个完整的表征耗散的热量,工作和内能的变化在一个工程环境中的两能级量子系统相互作用。我们使用IBMQ量子计算机来实现耗散环境中的驱动系统的动力学。实验数据使我们能够构建准概率分布函数,从中我们恢复正确的平均值的工作,热量和内能变化的耗散过程。有趣的是,通过增加环境耦合强度,我们观察到能量交换过程的纯量子特征的减少,我们将其解释为经典极限的出现。这使得本方法成为研究、理解和利用能量交换中的量子效应的特权工具。

英文摘要:

Despite the increasing interest, the research field which studies the concepts of work and heat at quantum level has suffered from two main drawbacks: first, the difficulty to properly define and measure the work, heat and internal energy variation in a quantum system and, second, the lack of experiments. Here, we report a full characterization of the dissipated heat, work and internal energy variation in a two-level quantum system interacting with an engineered environment. We use the IBMQ quantum computer to implement the driven system's dynamics in a dissipative environment. The experimental data allow us to construct quasi-probability distribution functions from which we recover the correct averages of work, heat and internal energy variation in the dissipative processes. Interestingly, by increasing the environment coupling strength, we observe a reduction of the pure quantum features of the energy exchange processes that we interpret as the emergence of the classical limit. This makes the present approach a privileged tool to study, understand and exploit quantum effects in energy exchanges.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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