由量子测量产生的热的经典性
Classicality of the heat produced by quantum measurements
摘要：
量子测量最终是一个物理过程，由被测系统和测量仪器之间的相互作用产生。在热力学背景下考虑测量的物理过程自然会提出以下问题：如何解释功和热？在本文中，我们模拟测量过程中的任意离散观测作为一个测量方案。在此，待测量的系统首先与设备单一地耦合，并且随后复合系统相对于可观察的指针被客观化，从而产生确定的测量结果。因此，功可以解释为由于么正耦合而引起的复合系统内能的变化。根据热力学热力学第一定律，热是由于指针客观化而导致的该化合物的内能的后续变化。我们认为，该装置作为一个稳定的记录测量结果，只有当指针可观察到的哈密尔顿和交换表明，这种交换性意味着热的不确定性将必然是经典的。
英文摘要：
Quantum measurement is ultimately a physical process, resulting from an interaction between the measured system and a measuring apparatus. Considering the physical process of measurement within a thermodynamic context naturally raises the following question: How can the work and heat be interpreted? In the present paper we model the measurement process for an arbitrary discrete observable as a measurement scheme. Here the system to be measured is first unitarily coupled with an apparatus and subsequently the compound system is objectified with respect to a pointer observable, thus producing definite measurement outcomes. The work can therefore be interpreted as the change in internal energy of the compound system due to the unitary coupling. By the first law of thermodynamics, the heat is the subsequent change in internal energy of this compound due to pointer objectification. We argue that the apparatus serves as a stable record for the measurement outcomes only if the pointer observable commutes with the Hamiltonian and show that such commutativity implies that the uncertainty of heat will necessarily be classical.
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