专用量子处理器设计
Special-Purpose Quantum Processor Design
摘要：
量子比特的完全连通性是大多数量子算法所必需的，这很难在有噪声的中等规模量子处理器上直接实现。然而，插入交换门以使非耦合量子位之间的两个量子位门显著降低计算结果保真度。为此，我们提出了一种专用量子处理器设计方法，可以为不同的量子算法设计合适的结构。该方法将处理器结构从二维格点图扩展到一般的平面图，并根据量子算法的逻辑量子比特之间的双量子比特门分布和物理约束来安排物理耦合器。实验结果表明，我们的设计方法，与其他方法相比，可以减少额外的交换门的数量，每个两个量子位门平均至少104.2%。此外，我们的方法相比其他方法的优势变得更加明显，随着深度和量子比特数的增加。结果表明，该方法在提高计算结果的保真度方面具有竞争力，在现有技术条件下有可能体现出量子优势。
英文摘要：
Full connectivity of qubits is necessary for most quantum algorithms, which is difficult to directly implement on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum processors. However, inserting swap gate to enable the two-qubit gates between uncoupled qubits significantly decreases the computation result fidelity. To this end, we propose a Special-Purpose Quantum Processor Design method that can design suitable structures for different quantum algorithms. Our method extends the processor structure from two-dimensional lattice graph to general planar graph and arranges the physical couplers according to the two-qubit gate distribution between the logical qubits of the quantum algorithm and the physical constraints. Experimental results show that our design methodology, compared with other methods, could reduce the number of extra swap gates per two-qubit gate by at least 104.2% on average. Also, our method's advantage over other methods becomes more obvious as the depth and qubit number increase. The result reveals that our method is competitive in improving computation result fidelity and it has the potential to demonstrate quantum advantage under the technical conditions.
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