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arXiv 2101.12698gr-qcmath-phmath.MP
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宇宙学光锥的比较定理

A comparison theorem for cosmological lightcones

Mauro Carfora, Francesca Familiari

摘要:

令$(M, g)$表示一个描述宇宙演化的宇宙时空,它在大尺度上是各向同性的和均匀的,但在小尺度上是高度不均匀的。我们考虑两个过去的光锥,第一个,$\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$,与物理观察者$p\in\,M$有关,他描述了$(M, g)$在长度尺度$L$上的实际物理时空几何,而第二个,$\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, \hat{g})$,与观察者$p$的理想化版本有关,尽管在给定尺度$L$上存在局部不均匀性,希望用Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker时空家族的成员$(M, \hat{g})$来模拟$(M, g)$。在这样一个框架中,我们讨论了一些数学结果,允许两个光锥$\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$和$\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, \hat{g})$之间的严格比较。特别是,我们引入了一个尺度相关($L$)光锥比较功能,定义的谐波型能量,与自然的物理$\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$和FLRW参考光锥$\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, \hat{g})$之间的映射。这个功能有一些显着的性质,特别是它消失当且仅当,在给定的长度尺度,相应的光锥表面部分(天球)是等距的。我们详细讨论了它的变分分析,并证明了存在一个最小的自然尺度依赖的两个光锥之间的距离功能的特点。我们还指出,它是如何可能的情况下,焦散发展的物理过去光锥$\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$扩展我们的结果。最后,我们展示了距离泛函是如何与时空标量曲率的因果过去的两个光锥,并简要说明了一些可能的应用。

英文摘要:

Let $(M, g)$ denote a cosmological spacetime describing the evolution of a universe which is isotropic and homogeneous on large scales, but highly inhomogeneous on smaller scales. We consider two past lightcones, the first, $\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$, is associated with the physical observer $p\in\,M$ who describes the actual physical spacetime geometry of $(M, g)$ at the length scale $L$, whereas the second, $\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, \hat{g})$, is associated with an idealized version of the observer $p$ who, notwithstanding the presence of local inhomogeneities at the given scale $L$, wish to model $(M, g)$ with a member $(M, \hat{g})$ of the family of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes. In such a framework, we discuss a number of mathematical results that allows a rigorous comparison between the two lightcones $\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$ and $\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, \hat{g})$. In particular, we introduce a scale dependent ($L$) lightcone-comparison functional, defined by a harmonic type energy, associated with a natural map between the physical $\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$ and the FLRW reference lightcone $\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, \hat{g})$. This functional has a number of remarkable properties, in particular it vanishes iff, at the given length-scale, the corresponding lightcone surface sections (the celestial spheres) are isometric. We discuss in detail its variational analysis and prove the existence of a minimum that characterizes a natural scale-dependent distance functional between the two lightcones. We also indicate how it is possible to extend our results to the case when caustics develop on the physical past lightcone $\mathcal{C}^-_L(p, g)$. Finally, we show how the distance functional is related to spacetime scalar curvature in the causal past of the two lightcones, and briefly illustrate a number of its possible applications.

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