The objective of personalized learning is to design an effective knowledge acquisition track that matches the learner's strengths and bypasses her weaknesses to ultimately meet her desired goal. This concept emerged several years ago and is being adopted by a rapidly-growing number of educational institutions around the globe. In recent years, the boost of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), together with the advances in big data analysis, has unfolded novel perspectives to enhance personalized education in numerous dimensions. By taking advantage of AI/ML methods, the educational platform precisely acquires the student's characteristics. This is done, in part, by observing the past experiences as well as analyzing the available big data through exploring the learners' features and similarities. It can, for example, recommend the most appropriate content among numerous accessible ones, advise a well-designed long-term curriculum, connect appropriate learners by suggestion, accurate performance evaluation, and the like. Still, several aspects of AI-based personalized education remain unexplored. These include, among others, compensating for the adverse effects of the absence of peers, creating and maintaining motivations for learning, increasing diversity, removing the biases induced by the data and algorithms, and the like. In this paper, while providing a brief review of state-of-the-art research, we investigate the challenges of AI/ML-based personalized education and discuss potential solutions.
The Grainger College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N Matthews, Urbana, IL 61801（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校格拉inger工程学院，土木与环境工程系）
Personalized Education with Generative AI and Digital Twins: VR, RAG, and Zero-Shot Sentiment Analysis for Industry 4.0 Workforce Development
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA（电气与计算机工程系，亚利桑那大学，图森，亚利桑那州，美国）；Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA（系统与工业工程系，亚利桑那大学，图森，亚利桑那州，美国）；Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico（工业工程系，索诺拉大学，赫尔莫索，墨西哥）
Agent4Edu: Generating Learner Response Data by Generative Agents for Intelligent Education Systems
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence（认知智能国家重点实验室）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Institute of Artificial Intelligence（人工智能研究院）；Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center（合肥综合性国家科学中心）
EduAgentQG: Multi-Agent Personalized Mathematics Question Generation with Explicit Diversity and Objective-Aware Evaluation
East China Normal University（东华大学）；Shanghai Institute of Al for Education（上海人工智能教育研究院）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen School of Data Science（香港中文大学（深圳）数据科学学院）
PRISM: A Personalized, Rapid, and Immersive Skill Mastery framework for personalizing experiential learning through Generative AI
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona（电气与计算机工程系，亚利桑那大学）；Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Arizona（系统与工业工程系，亚利桑那大学）；Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Sonora（工业工程系，索诺拉大学）；Leonhard Center for Enhancement of Engineering Education, The Pennsylvania State University（工程教育增强中心，宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
Beyond Flashcards: Designing an Intelligent Assistant for USMLE Mastery and Virtual Tutoring in Medical Education (A Study on Harnessing Chatbot Technology for Personalized Step 1 Prep)
Agentic Workflow for Education: Concepts and Applications
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Shanghai Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Education（上海人工智能教育研究院）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；National Institute of Education（国立教育学院）
Research on Education Big Data for Students Academic Performance Analysis based on Machine Learning
LaFetra College of Education, University of La Verne（拉文大学拉菲特教育学院）；Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University（纽约大学斯坦哈特文化、教育与人类发展学院）；Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology（湖南人文科技学院）
Trustworthy Intelligent Education: A Systematic Perspective on Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions
School of Artificaial Intelligence, Anhui University（人工智能学院，安徽大学）；School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University（计算机科学与技术学院，安徽大学）；Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University（物理科学与信息技术研究院，安徽大学）
