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arXiv 2101.08313quant-ph
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测量的通态交换性及其结果的联合分布

On-State Commutativity of Measurements and Joint Distributions of Their Outcomes

Jan Czajkowski, Alex B. Grilo

摘要:

在本说明中,我们分析了联合概率分布,所产生的结果序列的量子测量上执行的量子态。首先,我们确定了这些分布的一些性质,这些性质需要得到满足的经典行为。其次,我们证明了联合分布存在当且仅当测量算子“开态”置换(置换性是两个以上算子的交换性)。通过“开状态”,我们指的是仅在希尔伯特空间中的状态子集上保持的算子的性质。然后,我们反驳了Carstens,Ebrahimi,Tabia和Unruh(eprint 2018)提出的一个猜想,该猜想指出部分导通状态置换的性质意味着完全导通状态置换。我们反驳这个猜想与反例成对的“对状态”的交换性并不意味着对状态的可置换性,不像在交换性的情况下,在希尔伯特空间中的所有状态。最后,我们探讨了新的概念,通态交换性显示一个简单的证明,如果两个投影几乎通态交换,那么有一个交换对运营商的通态接近原件。这一结果最初由黑斯廷斯(数学物理通信,2019)为一般算子证明。

英文摘要:

In this note, we analyze joint probability distributions that arise from outcomes of sequences of quantum measurements performed on sets of quantum states. First, we identify some properties of these distributions that need to be fulfilled to get a classical behavior. Secondly, we prove that a joint distribution exists iff measurement operators "on-state" permute (permutability is the commutativity of more than two operators). By "on-state" we mean properties of operators that hold only on a subset of states in the Hilbert space. Then, we disprove a conjecture proposed by Carstens, Ebrahimi, Tabia, and Unruh (eprint 2018), which states that the property of partial on-state permutation implies full on-state permutation. We disprove this conjecture with a counterexample where pairwise "on-state" commutativity does not imply on-state permutability, unlike in the case of commutativity for all states in the Hilbert space. Finally, we explore the new concept of on-state commutativity by showing a simple proof that if two projections almost on-state commute, then there is a commuting pair of operators that are on-state close to the originals. This result was originally proven by Hastings (Communications in Mathematical Physics, 2019) for general operators.

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