质子束和碳束的布拉格曲线参数和横向散射分析
Analysis of Bragg Curve Parameters and Lateral Straggle for Proton and Carbon Beams
摘要：
重离子对靶有不同的影响。比较这种效果的最重要因素是线性能量传递（LET）。质子和碳是具有高LET的重离子。由于这些离子在穿过组织时会通过碰撞损失能量，因此它们的射程并不长。这种能量损失会随着时间的推移而增加，并且在范围的末端达到最大能量损失。整个过程用布拉格曲线表示。布拉格曲线的输入剂量、半峰全宽（FWHM）值、布拉格峰振幅和位置以及Penumbra厚度是确定哪种粒子在肿瘤治疗中有利的重要因素。当重离子穿过组织时，由于库仑碰撞，它们的行进方向会发生小的偏差。这些小的偏差导致剂量分布的横向离散。横向离散对于确定在接近关键器官的肿瘤治疗中使用的粒子的类型和能量是重要的。本文采用TRIM程序计算了不同能量的质子束和碳束水模体的输入剂量、半高宽、峰值振幅和位置、半影厚度和横向离散度，并与蒙特卡罗（MC）模拟结果进行了比较。发现质子具有比碳离子平均多63%的FWHM和多53%的半影。在相同的布拉格峰位置处，碳离子具有比质子平均大28-45倍的布拉格峰振幅。据观察，质子散射约70%以上的横向离散。发现差异约为1.32 mm。根据所有这些结果，比较了强子治疗应用中最常用的质子和碳重离子。
英文摘要：
Heavy ions have varying effects on the target. The most important factor in comparing this effect is Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Protons and carbons are heavy ions with high LET. Since these ions lose energy through collisions as they move through the tissue, their range is not long. This loss of energy increases along the way, and the maximum energy loss is reached at the end of the range. This whole process is represented by the Bragg curve. The input dose of the Bragg curve, full width at half maximum (FWHM) value, Bragg peak amplitude and position, and Penumbra thickness are important factors in determining which particle is advantageous in tumor treatment. While heavy ions move through the tissue, small deviations occur in their direction of travel due to Coulomb collisions. These small deviations cause lateral straggle in the dose profile. Lateral straggle is important in determining the type and energy of the particle used in tumor treatments close to critical organs. In our study, when the water phantom of protons and carbon beams with different energies is taken into consideration, the input dose, FWHM value, peak amplitude and position, penumbra thickness and lateral straggle are calculated using the TRIM code and the results are compared with Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. It was found that the proton has an average of 63% more FWHM and 53% more Penumbra than the carbon ion. The carbon ion has an average of 28-45 times greater Bragg peak amplitude at the same Bragg peak location than the proton. It was observed that the proton scattered approximately 70% more in lateral straggle. The difference was found to be around 1.32 mm. In line with all these results, the most commonly used proton and carbon heavy ions in hadron therapy applications were compared.
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