多步模型下重α发射体中α-团簇形成
Alpha-Cluster formation in heavy alpha-emitters within a multistep model
摘要：
$α$ -衰变对物理学和化学的发展有着巨大的推动作用，特别是由于它在新元素研究中不可或缺的作用。尽管在实验室中已经观察了一个多世纪，但在微观上精确计算$S_α$的形成概率仍然是一个困难的问题。为此，我们建立了一个新的模型，即，多步模型，并在无可调参数的情况下计算了几种典型$α$ -辐射源的相应形成概率$S_α$值。实验的半衰期，特别是其不规则的行为周围的壳封闭，是非常好的重现半衰期的法律结合这些$S_α$。在我们的策略中，重核中的团簇形成是一个渐进的过程，不同于轻核中团簇预先存在的情况。本研究为从原子核结构的角度全面理解$α$衰变铺平了道路。
英文摘要：
$α$-decay always has enormous impetuses to the development of physics and chemistry, in particular due to its indispensable role in the research of new elements. Although it has been observed in laboratories for more than a century, it remains a difficult problem to calculate accurately the formation probability $S_α$ microscopically. To this end, we establish a new model, i.e., multistep model, and the corresponding formation probability $S_α$ values of some typical $α$-emitters are calculated without adjustable parameters. The experimental half-lives, in particular their irregular behavior around a shell closure, are remarkably well reproduced by half-life laws combined with these $S_α$. In our strategy, the cluster formation is a gradual process in heavy nuclei, different from the situation that cluster pre-exists in light nuclei. The present study may pave the way to a fully understanding of $α$-decay from the perspective of nuclear structure.
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