你要我还是要我西班牙语社交媒体中外来词整合的社会制约因素研究
Tuiteamos o pongamos un tuit? Investigating the Social Constraints of Loanword Integration in Spanish Social Media
摘要：
非英语语言的使用者经常从英语中借用外来词来表达新的或不寻常的概念。虽然这些外来词可以原封不动地借用，但说话者也可以整合这些词以适应其母语的限制，例如从英语“tweet”创建西班牙语“tuitear”。“语言学家通常认为外来词整合的过程更多地依赖于语言内部的限制，但社会语言学的限制，如说话人的背景，仍然只是定性的理解。我们调查的作用，社会背景和扬声器的背景在西班牙语使用的综合借词在社交媒体上。我们首先发现，报纸作者比社交媒体作者更频繁地使用外来词和本地词的整合形式，这表明整合与正式领域有关。在社交媒体中，我们发现说话者的背景和对正式的期望解释了外来词和本地词的整合，这样，使用更多西班牙语和向更广泛的受众写作的作者往往更频繁地使用整合的动词形式。本研究表明，外来词整合不仅反映了语言内部的限制，但也不同的会话和扬声器的社会期望。
英文摘要：
Speakers of non-English languages often adopt loanwords from English to express new or unusual concepts. While these loanwords may be borrowed unchanged, speakers may also integrate the words to fit the constraints of their native language, e.g. creating Spanish "tuitear" from English "tweet." Linguists have often considered the process of loanword integration to be more dependent on language-internal constraints, but sociolinguistic constraints such as speaker background remain only qualitatively understood. We investigate the role of social context and speaker background in Spanish speakers' use of integrated loanwords on social media. We find first that newspaper authors use the integrated forms of loanwords and native words more often than social media authors, showing that integration is associated with formal domains. In social media, we find that speaker background and expectations of formality explain loanword and native word integration, such that authors who use more Spanish and who write to a wider audience tend to use integrated verb forms more often. This study shows that loanword integration reflects not only language-internal constraints but also social expectations that vary by conversation and speaker.
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