ANTARES search for point-sources of neutrinos using astrophysical catalogs: a likelihood stacking analysis
A. Albert, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza… 展开作者
A. Albert, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, J. -J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Branzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab, T. N. Chau, R. Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Diaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, N. Khayati, A. Enzenhofer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. Haren, A. J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J. J. Hernandez-Rey, J. Hössl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. Jong, P. Jong, M. Jongen, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N. R. Khan-Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Martinez-Mora, S. Mazzou, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, M. Moser, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L. Nauta, S. Navas, E. Nezri, A. Nunez-Castineyra, B. O'Fearraigh, M. Organokov, G. E. Palavas, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, N. Randazzo, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, F. Greus, D. F. Samtleben, A. Sanchez-Losa, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, F. Schussler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, T. Thakore, S. J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, A. Zegarelli, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zuniga, S. Buson
A search for astrophysical point-like neutrino sources using the data collected by the ANTARES detector between January 29, 2007 and December 31, 2017 is presented. A likelihood stacking method is used to assess the significance of an excess of muon neutrinos inducing track-like events in correlation with the location of a list of possible sources. Different sets of objects are tested in the analysis: a) a sub-sample of the \textit{Fermi} 3LAC catalog of blazars, b) a jet-obscured AGN population, c) a sample of soft gamma-ray selected radio galaxies, d) a star-forming galaxy catalog , and e) a public sample of 56 very-high-energy track events from the IceCube experiment.
None of the tested sources shows a significant association with the sample of neutrinos detected by ANTARES. The smallest p-value is obtained for the radio galaxies catalog with an equal weights hypothesis, with a pre-trial p-value equivalent to a $2.8 \, σ$ excess, equivalent to $1.6 \, σ$ post-trial.
In addition, the results of a dedicated analysis for the blazar MG3 J225517+2409 are also reported: this source is found to be the most significant within the \textit{Fermi} 3LAC sample, with 5 ANTARES events located at less than one degree from the source. This blazar showed evidence of flaring activity in \textit{Fermi} data, in space-time coincidence with a high-energy track detected by IceCube. An \emph{a posteriori} significance of $2.0\, σ$ for the combination of ANTARES and IceCube data is reported.
A search for high-energy neutrino emission correlated with gamma-ray bursts outside the electromagnetic prompt-emission time window is presented. Using a stacking approach of the time delays between reported gamma-ray burst alerts and spatially coincident muon-neutrino signatures, data from the Antares neutrino telescope recorded between 2007 and 2012 are analysed. One year of public data from the IceCube detector between 2008 and 2009 have been also investigated. The respective timing profiles are scanned for statistically significant accumulations within 40 days of the Gamma Ray Burst, as ex…
Recent results from IceCube regarding TXS 0506+056 suggest that it may be useful to test the hypothesis of multiple neutrino flares, where each flare is not necessarily accompanied by a corresponding gamma-ray flare. An untriggered, time-dependent, source-stacking search would be optimal for testing this hypothesis, however such an analysis has yet to be applied to the full duration of IceCube data. Here, we discuss one possible way of constructing such an analysis, with a global test statistic obtained by summing the individual test statistics associated with each signal-like flare in the sam…
We show that a stacking approach to galaxy clusters can improve current limits on decaying dark matter by a factor $\gtrsim 5-100$, with respect to a single source analysis, for all-sky instruments such as Fermi-LAT. Based on the largest sample of X-ray-selected galaxy clusters available to date (the MCXC meta-catalogue), we provide all the astrophysical information, in particular the astrophysical term for decaying dark matter, required to perform an analysis with current instruments.
Clusters of galaxies are potentially important targets for indirect searches for dark matter annihilation. Here we reassess the detection prospects for annihilation in massive halos, based on a statistical investigation of 1743 clusters in the new Meta-Catalog of X-ray Clusters. We derive a new limit for the extra-galactic dark matter annihilation background of at least 20% of that originating from the Galaxy for an integration angle of 0.1 deg. The number of clusters scales as a power law with their brightness, suggesting that stacking may provide a significant improvement over a single targe…
Addressing the origin of the astrophysical neutrino flux observed by IceCube is of paramount importance. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are among the few astrophysical sources capable of achieving the required energy to contribute to such neutrino flux through p$γ$ interactions. In this work, ANTARES data have been used to search for upward going muon neutrinos in spatial and temporal coincidence with 784 GRBs occurred from 2007 to 2017. For each GRB, the expected neutrino flux has been calculated in the framework of the internal shock model and the impact of the lack of knowledge on the majority of …
Located at the South Pole, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is the world largest neutrino telescope, instrumenting one cubic kilometre of Antarctic ice at a depth between 1450m to 2450m. In 2013 IceCube reported the first observations of a diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino flux. Although the IceCube Collaboration has identified more than 100 high-energy neutrino events, the origin of this neutrino flux is still not known. Blazars, a subclass of Active Galactic Nuclei and one of the most powerful classes of objects in the Universe, have long been considered promising sources of high en…
On 22 September 2017, IceCube reported a high-energy neutrino event which was found to be coincident with a flaring blazar, TXS 0506+056. This multi-messenger observation hinted at blazars contributing to the observed high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and raised a need for extensive correlation studies. Recent work shows that the internal absorption of gamma rays, and their interactions intrinsic to the source and with the extragalactic background, will cause a lack of energetic gamma-ray and neutrino correlation while hinting towards a correlation between neutrinos and lower photon energy o…
So far, the Sun is the only isolated main sequence star detected in gamma-rays, particularly during powerful flares. Young ultracool dwarfs are far more active so they are also plausible gamma-ray sources. We performed a spatial stack of 97 of the nearest X-ray and radio flare stars to search for GeV emission using nearly 12 years of data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The stacked residual maps showed no significant signal. Modeling the upper limits indicates a peak stellar flux at least a factor of 7 below the noise level. We also analyzed the phase-folded light curve of the rapidl…
KM3NeT/ARCA stacking search for high-energy neutrino point sources: the case of ultra-luminous infrared galaxies and blazars
Università di Firenze（佛罗伦萨大学）；INFN, Sezione di Firenze（意大利国家核物理研究所佛罗伦萨分部）；Université de Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Université de Haute Alsace（上阿尔萨斯大学）；Khalifa University of Science and Technology（哈利法科学技术大学）；INFN, Sezione di Napoli（意大利国家核物理研究所那不勒斯分部）；Università di Napoli “Federico II”（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学）；INFN, Sezione di Roma（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马分部）；IFIC - Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC - Universitat de València)（粒子物理研究所（瓦伦西亚大学与西班牙高等科学研究理事会联合））；Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚理工大学）
We use 10 years of publicly available IceCube data to investigate the correlations between high-energy neutrinos and various Fermi-LAT gamma-ray samples. This work considers the following gamma-ray samples: the third Fermi-LAT catalog of high-energy sources(3FHL), >100GeV Fermi-LAT events, LAT 12-year source catalog(4FGL), the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei(4LAC) and subsets of these samples. For each sample, both a single-source analysis and a stacking analysis are performed. We find no indication that the sources in these samples produce significant high-energy neutrinos. From the …
We investigate the possibility that radio-bright active galactic nuclei (AGN) are responsible for the TeV--PeV neutrinos detected by IceCube. We use an unbinned maximum-likelihood-ratio method, 10 years of IceCube muon-track data, and 3388 radio-bright AGN selected from the Radio Fundamental Catalog. None of the AGN in the catalog have a large global significance. The two most significant sources have global significance of $\simeq$ 1.5$σ$ and 0.8$σ$, though 4.1$σ$ and 3.8$σ$ local significance. Our stacking analyses show no significant correlation between the whole catalog and IceCube neutrin…
We study if the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux can come from blazar jets -- a subclass of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) -- while it, at the same time, respects the blazar stacking limit based on source catalogs and is consistent with the observation from TXS 0506+056. We compute the neutrino flux from resolved and unresolved sources using an averaged, empirical relationship between electromagnetic spectrum and luminosity, known as the {\em blazar sequence}, for two populations of blazars (BL Lacs and FSRQs). Using a source model with realistic neutrino flux computations, we demonstrate th…
Observations in radio have shown that galaxy clusters are giant reservoirs of cosmic rays (CR). Although a gamma- ray signal from the cluster volume is expected to arise through interactions of CR protons with the ambient plasma, a confirming observation is still missing. We search for a cumulative gamma-ray emission in direction of galaxy clusters by analysing a collection of stacked Fermi-LAT count maps. Additionally, we investigate possible systematic differences in the emission between cool-core and non-cool core cluster populations. Making use of a sample of 53 clusters selected from the …
IceCube is a cubic-kilometer Cherenkov telescope operating at the South Pole. In 2013 IceCube discovered high-energy astrophysical neutrinos and has more recently found compelling evidence for a flaring blazar being a source of high-energy neutrinos. However, as blazars can only be responsible for a small fraction of the observed neutrino flux, the sources responsible for the majority of the detected neutrinos remain unknown. In this work, we explore the possibility that the observed neutrino flux is produced in the cores of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Various models have predicted neutrino …
We present the source associations, cross-identifications, and multi-wavelength properties of the faint radio source population detected in the deep tier of the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS): the LoTSS Deep Fields. The first LoTSS Deep Fields data release consists of deep radio imaging at 150~MHz of the ELAIS-N1, Lockman Hole, and Boötes fields, down to RMS sensitives of around 20, 22, and 32$~μ$Jy\,beam$^{-1}$, respectively. These fields are some of the best studied extra-galactic fields in the northern sky, with existing deep, wide-area panchromatic photometry from X-ray to infrared wav…
The astrophysical sources responsible for ultra high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) continue to be one of the most intriguing mysteries in astrophysics. We present a comprehensive search for correlations between high-energy ($\gtrapprox 1$ GeV) gamma-ray events from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and UHECRs ($\gtrapprox 60$ EeV) detected by the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory. We perform two separate searches. First, we conduct a standard cross-correlation analysis between the arrival directions of 148 UHECRs and 360 gamma-ray sources in the Second Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT…
We test the recently proposed idea that outflows associated with Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) could be neutrino emitters in two complementary ways. First, we cross-correlate a list of 94 "bona fide" AGN outflows with the most complete and updated repository of IceCube neutrinos currently publicly available, assembled by us for this purpose. It turns out that AGN with outflows matched to an IceCube neutrino have outflow and kinetic energy rates, and bolometric powers larger than those of AGN with outflows not matched to neutrinos. Second, we carry out a statistical analysis on a catalogue of O …
