Given a nonnegative self-adjoint operator $H$ acting on a separable Hilbert space and an orthogonal projection $P$ such that $H_P := (H^{1/2}P)^*(H^{1/2}P)$ is densely defined, we prove that $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} (P\,\mathrm{e}^{-itH/n}P)^n = \mathrm{e}^{-itH_P}P$ holds in the strong operator topology. We also derive modifications of this product formula and its extension to the situation when $P$ is replaced by a strongly continuous projection-valued function satisfying $P(0)=P$.
We introduce a new product formula which combines an orthogonal projection with a complex function of a non-negative operator. Under certain assumptions on the complex function the strong convergence of the product formula is shown. Under more restrictive assumptions even operator-norm convergence is verified. The mentioned formula can be used to describe Zeno dynamics in the situation when the usual non-decay measurement is replaced by a particular generalized observables in the sense of Davies.
We prove a product formula which involves the unitary group generated by a semibounded self-adjoint operator and an orthogonal projection $P$ on a separable Hilbert space $\HH$, with the convergence in $L^2_\mathrm{loc}(\mathbb{R};\HH)$. It gives a partial answer to the question about existence of the limit which describes quantum Zeno dynamics in the subspace \hbox{$\mathrm{Ran} P$}. The convergence in $\HH$ is demonstrated in the case of a finite-dimensional $P$. The main result is illustrated in the example where the projection corresponds to a domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and the unitary group…
If frequent measurements ascertain whether a quantum system is still in a given subspace, it remains in that subspace and a quantum Zeno effect takes place. The limiting time evolution within the projected subspace is called quantum Zeno dynamics. This phenomenon is related to the limit of a product formula obtained by intertwining the time evolution group with an orthogonal projection. By introducing a novel product formula we will give a characterization of the quantum Zeno effect for finite-rank projections, in terms of a spectral decay property of the Hamiltonian in the range of the projec…
The dynamical quantum Zeno effect is studied in the context of von Neumann algebras. We identify a localized subalgebra on which the Zeno dynamics acts by automorphisms. The Zeno dynamics coincides with the modular dynamics of that subalgebra, if an additional assumption is satisfied. This relates the modular operator of that subalgebra to the modular operator of the original algebra by a variant of the Kato-Lie-Trotter product formula.
We consider the evolution of an arbitrary quantum dynamical semigroup of a finite-dimensional quantum system under frequent kicks, where each kick is a generic quantum operation. We develop a generalization of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula allowing to reformulate such pulsed dynamics as a continuous one. This reveals an adiabatic evolution. We obtain a general type of quantum Zeno dynamics, which unifies all known manifestations in the literature as well as describing new types.
If frequent measurements ascertain whether a quantum system is still in its initial state, transitions to other states are hindered and the quantum Zeno effect takes place. However, in its broader formulation, the quantum Zeno effect does not necessarily freeze everything. On the contrary, for frequent projections onto a multidimensional subspace, the system can evolve away from its initial state, although it remains in the subspace defined by the measurement. The continuing time evolution within the projected "quantum Zeno subspace" is called "quantum Zeno dynamics:" for instance, if the meas…
We study the quantum Zeno effect in quantum statistical mechanics within the operator algebraic framework. We formulate a condition for the appearance of the effect in W*-dynamical systems, in terms of the short-time behaviour of the dynamics. Examples of quantum spin systems show that this condition can be effectively applied to quantum statistical mechanical models. Further, we derive an explicit form of the Zeno generator, and use it to construct Gibbs equilibrium states for the Zeno dynamics. As a concrete example, we consider the X-Y model, for which we show that a frequent measurement at…
An extension of Chernoff's product formula for one-parameter functions taking values in the space of bounded linear operators on a Banach space is given. Essentially, the $n$-th one-parameter function in the product formula is mapped by the $n$-th iterate of a contraction acting on the space of the one-parameter functions. The motivation to study this specific product formula lies in the growing field of dynamical control of quantum systems, involving the procedure of dynamical decoupling and also the Quantum Zeno effect.
We present an Ito's formula for the one-dimensional discrete-time quantum walk and give some examples including a Tanaka's formula by using the formula. Moreover we discuss integrals for the quantum walk.
The purpose of this short note, is to rewrite Morozov's formula for correlation functions over the unitary group, in a much simpler form, involving the computation of a single determinant.
The article presents the theoretical background of the algorithms for solving cyclic block tridiagonal and cyclic block penta-diagonal systems of linear algebraic equations present in ref [1] and [2]. The theory is based on the Woodbury formula.
We provide a simple method for the calculation of the terms c_n in the Zassenhaus product $e^{a+b}=e^a e^b \prod_{n=2}^{\infty} e^{c_n}$ for non-commuting a and b. This method has been implemented in a computer program. Furthermore, we formulate a conjecture on how to translate these results into nested commutators. This conjecture was checked up to order n=17 using a computer.
A formula expressing the fermionic determinant as an infinite product of smaller determinants is derived and discussed. These smaller determinants are of a fixed size, independent of the size of the lattice and are indexed by loops of increasing length.
Bianchi and Donà [1] have recently reported a proof to the variance formula of von Neumann entropy, which was conjectured in [2] and firstly proved in [3]. The purpose of this short note is to show that, despite having a different starting point, the subsequent calculations (omitted in [1]) leading to the result are essentially the same as in [3].
An integration by parts formula is derived for the first order differential operator corresponding to the action of translations on the space of locally finite simple configurations of infinitely many points on R^d. As reference measures, tempered grand canonical Gibbs measures are considered corresponding to a non-constant non-smooth intensity (one-body potential) and translation invariant potentials fulfilling the usual conditions. It is proven that such Gibbs measures fulfill the intuitive integration by parts formula if and only if the action of the translation is not broken for this parti…
In this paper, we correct an inaccurate result of previous works on the Feynman propagator in position space of a free Dirac field in (3+1)-dimensional spacetime, and we derive the generalized analytic formulas of both the scalar Feynman propagator and the spinor Feynman propagator in position space in arbitrary (D+1)-dimensional spacetime, and we further find a recurrence relation among the spinor Feynman propagator in (D+1)-dimensional spacetime and the scalar Feynman propagators in (D+1)-, (D-1)- and (D+3)-dimensional spacetimes.
The purpose of these notes, based on a series of 4 lectures given by the author at IHES, is to explain the recent proof of the DOZZ formula for the three point correlation functions of Liouville conformal field theory (LCFT). We first review the probabilistic construction of the $N$ point correlation functions of LCFT on the Riemann sphere for $N \geq 3$ (based on a series of works of the author with David, Kupiainen and Rhodes). We then explain the construction of the two point correlation functions of LCFT, also called reflection coefficient. These probabilistic constructions will be justifi…
