Renato Fehlberg Júnior, Javier Sánchez
We show that some results of L. Makar-Limanov, P. Malcolmson and Z. Reichstein on the existence of free associative algebras are valid in the more general context of varieties of algebras.
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Let $k$ be an algebraically-closed field, and $B$ a unital, associative $k$-algebra with $n := \dim_kB < \infty$. For each $1 \le m \le n$, the collection of all $m$-dimensional subalgebras of $B$ carries the structure of a projective variety, which we call $\operatorname{AlgGr_m(B)}$. The group $\operatorname{Aut}_k(B)$ of all $k$-algebra automorphisms of $B$ acts regularly on $\operatorname{AlgGr}_m(B)$. In this paper, we study the problem of explicitly describing $\operatorname{AlgGr}_m(B)$, and classifying its $\operatorname{Aut}_k(B)$-orbits. Inspired by recent results on maximal subalgeb…
Finitely Generated Varieties of Commutative BCK-algebras: Covers
本文研究了有限生成交换BCK代数变种的覆盖问题，通过分析子直接不可约代数的结构，提出了一种构造所有覆盖的方法。
If the free algebra F on one generator in a variety V of algebras (in the sense of universal algebra) has a subalgebra free on two generators, must it also have a subalgebra free on three generators? In general, no; but yes if F generates the variety V. Generalizing the argument, it is shown that if we are given an algebra and subalgebras, A_0\supseteq ... \supseteq A_n, in a prevariety (SP-closed class of algebras) P such that A_n generates P, and also subalgebras B_i\subseteq A_{i-1} (0<i\leq n) such that for each i>0 the subalgebra of A_{i-1} generated by A_i and B_i is their coproduct in P…
Let $A$ be a sheaf of Azumaya algebras over a Noetherian base $S$. In this paper we describe using generalized Severi-Brauer varieties, a quasi-projective moduli space parametrizing sheaves of ètale subalgebras of $A$. In the case that $S$ is the spectrum of a field, we study the geometry of this moduli space, and show that in certain cases it is a rational variety.
Locally finite varieties of nonassociative algebras
本文研究有限域上非结合代数的局部有限变种，探讨其基本代数性质及数量比估计。
Quantum Grassmannians and their Associated Quantum Schubert Varieties at roots of unity
本文研究了单位根处量子代数的 PI degree，通过证明相关矩阵不变因子为 2 的幂来显式计算分划子代数的 PI degree，并利用非交换去齐次化方法推导出量子舒伯特簇和量子格拉斯曼流形的 PI degree。
It is proved that over every countable field K there is a nil algebra R such that the algebra obtained from R by extending the field K contains noncommutative free subalgebras of arbitrarily high rank. It is also shown that over every countable field K there is an algebra R without noncommutative free subalgebras of rank two such that the algebra obtained from R by extending the field K contains a noncommutative free subalgebra of rank two. This answers a question of Makar-Limanov
We investigate subalgebras in free Lie algebras, the main tool being relative growth and cogrowth functions. Our study reveals drastic differences in the behavior of proper finitely generated subalgebras and nonzero subideals. For instance, the \textit{growth} of a proper finitely generated subalgebra $H$ of a free Lie algebra $L$, with respect to any fixed free basis $X$, is exponentially small compared to the growth of the whole of $L$. Quite opposite, the \textit{cogrowth} of any nonzero subideal $S$ is exponentially small compared to the growth of $L$.
The Veronese subalgebras of a free alternative algebra of finite rank are finitely generated
本文证明了有限秩自由交错代数中由生成元长度为 $n$ 的倍数的所有词生成的 Veronese $n$-子代数是有限生成的。
It is shown that Golod-Shaferevich algebras of a reduced number of defining relations contain noncommutative free subalgebras in two generators, and that these algebras can be homomorphically mapped onto prime, Noetherian algebras with linear growth. It is also shown that Golod-Shafarevich algebras of a reduced number of relations cannot be nil.
We discuss two possible ways of representing tolerances: first, as a homomorphic image of some congruence; second, as the relational composition of some compatible relation with its converse. The second way is independent from the variety under consideration, while the first way is variety-dependent. The relationships between these two kinds of representations are clarified. As an application, we show that any tolerance on some lattice L is the image of some congruence on a subalgebra of L $\times$ L. This is related to recent results by G. Czédli and E. W. Kiss.
Homomorphisms and subalgebras of free convex semilattices
本文研究自由凸半格，通过分析其到乘积空间的同态及有限生成子代数的结构，刻画了有限生成自由凸半格的有限生成子代数。
Minimal varieties of algebras with graded involution and quadratic growth
本文研究了具有有限群 $G$ 和分级反演的代数的最小品种分类，重点在于二次增长的代数结构。
Let $k$ be a field and let $A=\bigoplus_{n\ge 1}A_n$ be a positively graded $k$-algebra. We recall that $A$ is graded nilpotent if for every $d\ge 1$, the subalgebra of $A$ generated by elements of degree $d$ is nilpotent. We give a method of producing grading nilpotent algebras and use this to prove that over any base field $k$ there exists a finitely generated graded nilpotent algebra that contains a free $k$-subalgebra on two generators.
We study the existence of free subalgebras in division algebras, and prove the following general result: if $A$ is a noetherian domain which is countably generated over an uncountable algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic 0, then either the quotient division algebra of $A$ contains a free algebra on two generators, or it is left algebraic over every maximal subfield. As an application, we prove that if $k$ is an uncountable algebraically closed field and $A$ is a finitely generated $k$-algebra that is a domain of GK-dimension strictly less than 3, then either $A$ satisfies a polynom…
Let σbe an automorphism of a commutative k-algebra R. The skew polynomial ring R[t;σ] is generated by R and an indeterminate t subject to the relations ta=σ(a)t for all a in R. For certain R and appropriate σthere are elements a and b in R such that the subalgebra of R[t;σ] generated by at and bt is a free algebra. If σis an automorphism of the polynomial ring k[x,y], then the subalgebra of k[x,y][t;σ] generated by xt and yt is free if and only if σis not conjugate to an elementary automorphism. If σis an automorphism of k[x,x^{-1},y,y^{- 1}] of the form σ(x)=x^ay^b and σ(y)=x^cy^d, then the s…
Let $K$ be a field, let $σ$ be an automorphism of $K$, and let $δ$ be a derivation of $K$. We show that if $D$ is one of $K(x;σ)$ or $K(x;δ)$, then $D$ either contains a free algebra over its center on two generators, or every finitely generated subalgebra of $D$ satisfies a polynomial identity. As a corollary, we are able to show that the quotient division ring of any iterated Ore extension of an affine domain satisfying a polynomial identity either again satisfies a polynomial identity or it contains a free algebra over its center on two variables.
We construct finitely generated simple algebras with prescribed growth types, which can be arbitrarily taken from a large variety of (super-polynomial) growth types. This (partially) answers a question raised by the author in a recent paper. Our construction goes through a construction of finitely generated just-infinite, primitive monomial algebras with prescribed growth type, from which we construct uniformly recurrent infinite words with subword complexity having the same growth type. We also discuss the connection between entropy of algebras and their homomorphic images, as well as the deg…
Let $F$ be a field and let $F \langle X \rangle$ be the free unital associative $F$-algebra on the free generating set $X = \{ x_1, x_2, \dots \}$. A subalgebra (a vector subspace) $V$ in $F \langle X \rangle$ is called a $T$-subalgebra (a $T$-subspace) if $ϕ(V) \subseteq V$ for all endomorphisms $ϕ$ of $F \langle X \rangle$. For an algebra $G$, its central polynomials form a $T$-subalgebra $C(G)$ in $F \langle X \rangle$. Over a field of characteristic $p > 2$ there are algebras $G$ whose algebras of all central polynomials $C (G)$ are not finitely generated as $T$-subspaces in $F \langle X \…
A characterisation of Lie algebras using ideals and subalgebras
研究非结合代数变种中，子代数自由且理想平方为理想时，该变种与李代数变种一致的条件。
We introduce a family of dense subalgebras of the Toeplitz algebra and give conditions under which our algebras are quasi-free. As a corollary, we show that the smooth Toeplitz algebra introduced by Cuntz is quasi-free.
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be the $p$-dimensional Witt algebra over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>3$. Let $\mathscr{N}={x\in\ggg\mid x^{[p]}=0}$ be the nilpotent variety of $\mathfrak{g}$, and $\mathscr{C}(\mathscr{N}):=\{(x,y)\in \mathscr{N}\times\mathscr{N}\mid [x,y]=0\}$ the nilpotent commuting variety of $\mathfrak{g}$. As an analogue of Premet's result in the case of classical Lie algebras [A. Premet, Nilpotent commuting varieties of reductive Lie algebras. Invent. Math., 154, 653-683, 2003.], we show that the variety $\mathscr{C}(\mathscr{N})$ is reducible and equidimens…
We prove that for every automata algebra of exponential growth, the associated Lie algebra contains a free subalgebra. For n\geq 1, let L_{n+2} be a Lie algebra with generator set x_1,..., x_{n+2} and the following relations: for k\leq n, any commutator of length $k$ which consists of fewer than k different symbols from {x_1,...,x_{n+2}} is zero. As an application of this result about automata algebras, we prove that for every n\geq 1, L_{n+2} contains a free subalgebra. We also prove the similar result about groups defined by commutator relations.
Let X be a smooth projective surface defined over an uncountable algebraically closed field k and let k(X) be its field of rational functions. Let s be an automorphism of X. This paper proves there is a non-negative integer n and elements a and b in k(X) such that the subalgebra of the skew Laurent extension k(X)[t, t^{-1};s] generated by at^n and bt^n is a free algebra if and only if the spectral radius for the action of s^* on the Neron-Severi group of X is >1. Thus, when s is an automorphism of a smooth complex projective surface X, C(X)[t,t^{-1};s] has a free subalgebra on >1 variables if …
The understanding of the topology of the spectra of quantum Schubert cell algebras hinges on the description of their prime factors by ideals invariant under the maximal torus of the ambient Kac-Moody group. We give an explicit description of these prime quotients by expressing their Cauchon generators in terms of sequences of normal elements in chains of subalgebras. Based on this, we construct large families of quantum clusters for all of these algebras and the quantum Richardson varieties associated to arbitrary symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras and all pairs of Weyl group elements. Along th…
We prove that a variety of algebras whose finitely generated members are free must be definitionally equivalent to the variety of sets, the variety of pointed sets, a variety of vector spaces over a division ring, or a variety of affine vector spaces over a division ring.
In commutative algebra, a Weitzenböck derivation is a nonzero triangular linear derivation of the polynomial algebra $K[x_1,...,x_m]$ in several variables over a field $K$ of characteristic 0. The classical theorem of Weitzenböck states that the algebra of constants is finitely generated. (This algebra coincides with the algebra of invariants of a single unipotent transformation.) In this paper we study the problem of finite generation of the algebras of constants of triangular linear derivations of finitely generated (not necessarily commutative or associative) algebras over $K$ assuming that…
The symmetric algebra g (denoted S(\g)) over a Lie algebra \g (frak g) has the structure of a Poisson algebra. Assume \g is complex semi-simple. Then results of Fomenko- Mischenko (translation of invariants) and A.Tarasev construct a polynomial subalgebra \cal H = \bf C[q_1,...,q_b] of S(\g) which is maximally Poisson commutative. Here b is the dimension of a Borel subalgebra of \g. Let G be the adjoint group of \g and let \ell = rank \g. Identify \g with its dual so that any G-orbit O in \g has the structure (KKS) of a symplectic manifold and S(\g) can be identified with the affine algebra of…
We give a combinatorial characterization of amenability of monomial algebras and prove the existence of monomial Folner sequences, answering a question due to Ceccherini-Silberstein and Samet-Vaillant. We then use our characterization to prove that over projectively simple monomial algebras, every module is exhaustively amenable; we conclude that convolution algebras of minimal subshifts admit the same property. We deduce that any minimal subshift of positive entropy gives rise to a graded algebra which does not satisfy an extension of Vershik's conjecture on amenable groups, proposed by Barth…
Locally finite Schreier Varieties
本文利用驯服同余理论对局部有限的Schreier簇进行分类，给出了一个充要条件：每个有限代数为$\langle 0,1\rangle$-极小，且常值项运算满足特定条件。
Automorphisms of Veronese subalgebras of polynomial algebras and free Poisson algebras
本文研究多项式代数与自由 Poisson 代数的 d 次 Veronese 子代数，证明其导子、局部幂零导子及自同构在相应域条件下均可由原代数的对应映射诱导。
An effective criterion for Nielsen-Schreier varieties
本文提出一种有效的组合判据，用于判断代数在零特征域上是否为尼尔森-施雷耶尔品种，并展示了预李代数和可交换李可容代数的尼尔森-施雷耶尔性质，以及存在无限多个非等价的单二元操作代数的尼尔森-施雷耶尔品种。
In \cite[Section 5, p.32]{Arnold-1998}, Arnold writes: "Classification of singularities of curves can be interpreted in dual terms as a description of 'co-artin' subalgebras of finite co-dimension in the algebra of formal series in a single variable (up to isomorphism of the algebra of formal series)." In the paper, such a description is obtained but up to isomorphism of algebraic curves (i.e. this description is finer). Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. The aim of the paper is to give a classification (up to isomorphism) of the set of subalgebras $\mathcal{…
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