In this paper, the PT -symmetric version of the Maccari system is introduced, which can be regarded as a two-dimensional generalization of the defocusing nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Various exact solutions of the nonlocal Maccari system are obtained by means of the Hirota bilinear method, long-wave limit, and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy method. Bilinear forms of the nonlocal Maccari system are derived for the first time. Simultaneously, a new nonlocal Davey-Stewartson-type equation is derived. Solutions for breathers and breathers on top of periodic line waves are obtained through the bilinear form of the nonlocal Maccari system. Hyperbolic line rogue-wave solutions and semi-rational ones, composed of hyperbolic line rogue wave and periodic line waves are also derived in the long-wave limit. The semi-rational solutions exhibit a unique dynamical behavior. Additionally, general line soliton solutions on constant background are generated by restricting different tau-functions of the KP hierarchy, combined with the Hirota bilinear method. These solutions exhibit elastic collisions, some of which have never been reported before in nonlocal systems. Additionally, the semi-rational solutions, namely (i) fusion of line solitons and lumps into line solitons, and (ii) fission of line solitons into lumps and line solitons, are put forward in terms of the KP hierarchy. These novel semi-rational solutions reduce to 2N-lump solutions of the nonlocal Maccari system with appropriate parameters. Finally, different characteristics of exact solutions for the nonlocal Maccari system are summarized. These new results enrich the structure of waves in nonlocal nonlinear systems, and help to understand new physical phenomena.
Due to the widely applications in almost all branches of science, high dimensional KP equation is selected as universal model to describe rogue wave phenomenon. A lump is an algebraically localized wave decayed in all space directions and exists in all time. Starting from a special lump containing seven arbitrary independent parameters and four constraint conditions with all the physical properties shown, an invisible lump is found with the combination of lump part and exponential part. Because of the domination of the exponential part, the lump will be invisible in some special area, or the l…
The solutions of the two-dimensional multicomponent Yajima-Oikawa system that have the functional arbitrariness are constructed by using the Darboux transformation technique. For the zero and constant backgrounds, different types of solutions of this system, including the lumps, line rogue waves, semi-rational solutions and their higher-order counterparts, are considered. Also, the generalization of the lump solutions (namely, appearing or disappearing lumps) is obtained in the two-component case under the special choice of the arbitrary functions. Then, the suitable ansatz is used to find the…
We investigate the generalized (2 + 1) Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation and construct its linear eigenvalue problem in the coordinate space from the results of singularity structure analysis thereby dispelling the notion of weak Lax pair. We then exploit the Lax-pair employing Darboux transformation and generate lumps and rogue waves. The dynamics of lumps and rogue waves is then investigated.
Rogue waves in (2+1)-dimensional three-wave resonant interactions are studied. General rogue waves arising from a constant background, from a lump-soliton background and from a dark-soliton background have been derived, and their dynamics illustrated. For rogue waves arising from a constant background, fundamental rogue waves are line-shaped, and multi-rogue waves exhibit multiple intersecting lines. Higher-order rogue waves could also be line-shaped, but they exhibit multiple parallel lines. For rogue waves arising from a lump-soliton background, they could exhibit distinctive patterns due to…
Based on the bilinear operator and symbol calculation, some lump solutions are presented, rationally localized in all directions in the space, to a reduced (3+1)-dimensional KP equation. The lump solutions all contain six parameters, four of which must cater to the non-zero conditions so as to insure the analyticity and rational localization, while the others are free. Then the interaction between lump soliton and one stripe soliton is described and the result shows that the lump soliton will be drowned or swallowed by the stripe soliton. Furthermore, we extend this method to a new combination…
Rogue waves are extraordinarily high and steep isolated waves, which appear suddenly in a calm sea and disappear equally fast. However, though the Rogue waves are localized surface waves, their theoretical models and experimental observations are available mostly in one dimension(1D) with the majority of them admitting only limited and fixed amplitude and modular inclination of the wave. We propose a two-dimensional(2D), exactly solvable Nonlinear Schrödinger equation(NLS), derivable from the basic hydrodynamic equations and endowed with integrable structures. The proposed 2D equation exhibits…
Rogue waves named by oceanographers are ubiquitous in nature and appear in a variety of different contexts such as water waves, liquid Helium, nonlinear optics, microwave cavities, etc. In this letter, we propose a novel type of exact (2+1)-dimensional rogue waves which may be found in many physical fields described by integrable and nonintegrable models. This type of rogue waves are closely related to invisible lumps. Usually, a lump is an algebraically localized wave in space but visible at any time. Whence a lump induces a soliton, the lump will become invisible before or after a fixed time…
General dark solitons and mixed solutions consisting of dark solitons and breathers for the third-type Davey-Stewartson (DS-III) equation are derived by employing the bilinear method. By introducing the two differential operators, semi-rational solutions consisting of rogue waves, breathers and solitons are generated. These semi-rational solutions are given in terms of determinants whose matrix elements have simple algebraic expressions. Under suitable parametric conditions, we derive general rogue wave solutions expressed in terms of rational functions. It is shown that the fundamental (simpl…
Exact explicit rational solutions of two- and one- dimensional multicomponent Yajima-Oikawa (YO) systems, which contain multi-short-wave components and single long-wave one, are presented by using the bilinear method. For two-dimensional system, the fundamental rational solution first describes the localized lumps, which have three different patterns: bright, intermediate and dark states. Then, rogue waves can be obtained under certain parameter conditions and their behaviors are also classified to above three patterns with different definition. It is shown that the simplest (fundamental) rogu…
General rogue waves in the Davey-Stewartson-I equation are derived by the bilinear method. It is shown that the simplest (fundamental) rogue waves are line rogue waves which arise from the constant background with a line profile and then disappear into the constant background again. It is also shown that multi-rogue waves describe the interaction of several fundamental rogue waves. These multi-rogue waves also arise from the constant background and then decay back to it, but in the intermediate times, interesting curvy wave patterns appear. However, higher-order rogue waves are found to show m…
In this paper, the partially party-time ($PT$) symmetric nonlocal Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations with respect to $x$ is called $x$-nonlocal DS equations, while a fully $PT$ symmetric nonlocal DSII equation is called nonlocal DSII equation. Three kinds of solutions, namely breather, rational and semi-rational solutions for these nonlocal DS equations are derived by employing the bilinear method. For the $x$-nonlocal DS equations, the usual ($2+1$)-dimensional breathers are periodic in $x$ direction and localized in $y$ direction. Nonsingular rational solutions are lumps, and semi-rational solu…
We analyse the detail of interactions of two-dimensional solitary waves called lumps and one-dimensional line solitons within the framework of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation describing wave processes in media with positive dispersion. We show that line solitons can emit or absorb lumps or periodic chains of lumps; they can interact with each other by means of lumps. Within a certain time interval, lumps or lump chains can emerge between two line solitons and disappear then due to absorption by one of the solitons. This phenomenon resembles the appearance of rogue waves in the oceans. The …
Inspired by the works of Ablowitz, Mussliman and Fokas, a partial reverse space-time nonlocal Mel'nikov equation is introduced. This equation provides two dimensional analogues of the nonlocal Schrodinger-Boussinesq equation. By employing the Hirota's bilinear method, soliton, breathers and mixed solutions consisting of breathers and periodic line waves are obtained. Further, taking a long wave limit of these obtained soliton solutions, rational and semi-rational solutions of the nonlocal Mel'nikov equation are derived. The rational solutions are lumps. The semi-rational solutions are mixed so…
The (2+1)-dimensional [(2+1)d] Fokas system is a natural and simple extension of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. (see eq. (2) in A. S. Fokas, Inverse Probl. 10 (1994) L19-L22). In this letter, we introduce its PT -symmetric version, which is called the (2 + 1)d nonlocal Fokas system. The N-soliton solutions for this system are obtained by using the Hirota bilinear method whereas the semi-rational solutions are generated by taking the long-wave limit of a part of exponential functions in the general expression of the N-soliton solution. Three kinds of semi-rational solutions, namely (1) a h…
A new variant of the $(2+1)$-dimensional [$(2+1)d$] Boussinesq equation was recently introduced by J. Y. Zhu, arxiv:1704.02779v2, 2017; see eq. (3). First, we derive in this paper the one-soliton solutions of both bright and dark types for the extended $(2+1)d$ Boussinesq equation by using the traveling wave method. Second, $N$-soliton, breather, and rational solutions are obtained by using the Hirota bilinear method and the long wave limit. Nonsingular rational solutions of two types were obtained analytically, namely: (i) rogue-wave solutions having the form of W-shaped lines waves and (ii) …
An integrable extension of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) and Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations is investigated in this paper.We will refer to this integrable extension as the (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation. The determinant expressions of soliton, breather, rational, and semi-rational solutions of the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation are constructed based on the Hirota's bilinear method and the KP hierarchy reduction method. The complex dynamics of these new exact solutions are shown in both three-dimensional plots and two-dimensional contour plots. Interestingly, the patterns of obtained h…
The Yajima-Oikawa (YO) system describes the resonant interaction between long and short waves under certain condition. In this paper, through the KP hierarchy reduction, we construct the breather solutions for the YO system in one- and two-dimensional cases. Similar to Akhmediev and Kuznetsov-Ma breather solutions (the wavenumber k_i->ik_i) for the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, is shown that the YO system have two kinds ofbreather solutions with the relations p_{2k-1}->ip_{2k-1}, p_{2k}->-ip_{2k}, q_{2k-1}->iq_{2k-1} and q_{2k}->-iq_{2k}, in which the homoclinic orbit and dark soliton soluti…
Recently, an integrable system of coupled (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equations was introduced by Fokas (eq. (18) in Nonlinearity 29}, 319324 (2016)). Following this pattern, two integrable equations [eqs.2 and 3] with specific parity-time symmetry are introduced here, under different reduction conditions. For eq. 2, two kinds of periodic solutions are obtained analytically by means of the Hirota's bilinear method. In the long-wave limit, the two periodic solutions go over into rogue waves (RWs) and semi-rational solutions, respectively. The RWs have a line shape, while the s…
