arXiv 2012.107272020-12hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th

宇宙学中的相互作用率：重粒子的产生和散射

Interaction rates in cosmology: heavy particle production and scattering

Mudit Rai, Daniel Boyanovsky

备注：: more discussions
发表信息：: Class. Quantum Grav. 38 195014 (2021)
DOI：: 10.1088/1361-6382/ac1b47

摘要：

本文从第一性原理出发，研究了辐射主导的宇宙学中的跃迁率和跃迁截面。我们考虑标量粒子模型来研究散射和重粒子产生的对湮灭，得出更一般的结论。S-矩阵公式不适合在快速膨胀的宇宙学中研究这些无处不在的过程。我们引入了一个物理动机的绝热膨胀，依赖于波长远小于粒子视界在给定的时间。在这种膨胀的主导秩序支配的过渡率和截面。几个重要的和一般的结果是宇宙学红移和有限粒子视界的直接后果：i）局部洛伦兹不变性的破坏，ii）在有限时间冻结出的生产截面，iii）亚阈值生产较重的粒子作为一个结果的不确定性的本地能量从一个有限的粒子视界，一个表现的\emph{antizeno}效果。如果重的暗物质是通过较轻物质的湮灭而产生的，那么阈下产生的暗物质会产生更高的丰度。我们讨论了这些影响的几个可能的后果。

英文摘要：

We study transition rates and cross sections from first principles in a spatially flat radiation dominated cosmology. We consider a model of scalar particles to study scattering and heavy particle production from pair annihilation, drawing more general conclusions. The S-matrix formulation is ill suited to study these ubiquitous processes in a rapidly expanding cosmology. We introduce a physically motivated adiabatic expansion that relies on wavelengths much smaller than the particle horizon at a given time. The leading order in this expansion dominates the transition rates and cross sections. Several important and general results are direct consequences of the cosmological redshift and a finite particle horizon: i) a violation of local Lorentz invariance, ii) freeze-out of the production cross section at a finite time, iii) sub-threshold production of heavier particles as a consequence of the uncertainty in the local energy from a finite particle horizon, a manifestation of the \emph{antizeno} effect. If heavy dark matter is produced via annihilation of a lighter species, sub-threshold production yields an enhanced abundance. We discuss several possible consequences of these effects.

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