D. Oliinychenko
We briefly overview motivations, some recent results and challenges in studying light nuclei production in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
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I briefly review Non-Relativistic QCD and related effective theories, and discuss applications to heavy quarkonium decay, and production in electron-positron colliders.
Selected topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions are reviewed f rom the 15 year research programme at the SPS at CERN and the AGS at BNL, and from the first run of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at BNL.
This is a mini-review of recent theoretical work in the field of relativistic heavy ion physics. The following topics are discussed: initial conditions and the Color Glass Condensate; approach to thermalization and the hydrodynamical evolution; hard probes and the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma. Some of the unsolved problems and potentially promising directions for future research are listed as well.
Unitarity corrections to several electromagnetic processes in collisions of relativistic heavy nuclei are considered. They are due to the unitarity requirement for the S-matrix and correspond to the exchange of light-by-light scattering block between colliding nuclei. We obtain improved results for the corrections to e+e- and mu+mu- pair production, as well as new results for unitarity corrections to the production of photons via virtual Compton and virtual Delbruck scattering. These corrections can be numerically large; e.g., the mu+mu- pair production cross section is reduced by about 50% an…
We have studied U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV using Monte Carlo Glauber, UrQMD and AMPT models. We find that it is possible to separate central tip-tip events as well as central body-body events on the basis of cuts on multiplicity and magnitude of the reduced flow vector.
An overview of recent theoretical progress on Non-Relativistic QCD and related effective theories is provided.
We incorporate the effect of lattice thermal vibrations into the Glauber theory description of particle- and nucleus-crystal Coulomb interactions at high-energy. The allowance for the lattice thermal vibrations is shown to produce strong absorption effect: the phase shift function of the multiple-diffraction scattering on a chain of $N$ identical atoms acquires large imaginary part and the radius of the absorption region in the impact parameter plane grows logarithmically with $N$. Consequences of this observation for the elastic and quasi-elastic Coulomb scattering are discussed. Practically …
The exclusive production of one $μ^+μ^-$ pair in collisions of two ultra-relativistic nuclei is considered. We present a simple method for the calculation of the Born cross section for this process based on an improved equivalent photon approximation. We find that the Coulomb corrections to this cross section (corresponding to multi-photon exchange of the produced $μ^{\pm}$ with the nuclei) are small while the unitarity corrections (corresponding to the exchange of light-by-light blocks between nuclei) are large. This is in sharp contrast to the exclusive $e^+e^-$ pair production where the Cou…
It is shown that accounting for the relativistic structure of the deuteron allows to explain the ratio of the Drell-Yan pair production cross-section at the low Bjorken $x$ off the deuteron and the proton. Thus, the sea quark distributions in the nucleon should be studied with accounting for the effects of the relativistic structure of the deuteron. The suggested approach reduces theoretical uncertainty in extracting the ratio $\bar u/\bar d$ from the data and it is important for the clarification of the nature of the sea quark asymmetry in the nucleon.
I review the current status of lattice Monte-Carlo computations of the equation of state of QCD, our current understanding of the thermalization process at collider energies, and two new theoretical developments, one pertaining to the ab-initio calculation of the low-$x$ gluon structure of heavy nuclei, the other to the chaotic behavior of QCD. At the end I give a brief overview of the status of various quark-gluon plasma signatures.
We give a brief overview of nuclear parton distributions. First, the EMC effect is discussed together with possible interpretations such as nuclear binding and $Q^2$ rescaling. Next, we explain shadowing descriptions: vector-meson-dominance-type and parton-recombination models. Nuclear dependence of $Q^2$ evolution should be interesting in testing whether or not DGLAP equations could be applied to nuclear structure functions. Status of nuclear sea-quark and gluon distributions is discussed. The structure function $b_1$, which will be measured at HERMES and possibly at ELFE, could shed light on…
We present, using the statistical model, an analysis of the production of light nuclei, hypernuclei and their antiparticles in central collisions of heavy nuclei. Based on these studies we provide predictions for the production yields of multiply-strange light nuclei.
Recent studies have shown that concepts of effective field theory such as naturalness can be profitably applied to relativistic mean-field models of nuclei. Here the analysis by Friar, Madland, and Lynn of naturalness in a relativistic point-coupling model is extended. Fits to experimental nuclear data support naive dimensional analysis as a useful principle and imply a mean-field expansion analogous to that found for mean-field meson models.
Transport calculations represent the major tool to simulate the modifications induced by the presence of a hot-deconfined medium on the production of heavy-flavour particles in high-energy nuclear collisions. After a brief description of the approach and of the major achievements in its phenomenological applications we discuss some recent developments. From the theory side we focus on the evaluation of transport coefficients and on recent formulations of the problem of heavy-flavour in-medium propagation in the language of open quantum systems. From a more phenomenological perspective we give …
A covariant formulation of spin-dependent deep-inelastic scattering from nuclei is presented. In the relativistic impulse approximation the inclusive nuclear cross section is described in terms of the amplitude for forward, virtual-photon scattering from an off-mass-shell nucleon. The general structure of the off-shell nucleon hadronic tensor is derived, and the leading behavior of the off-shell nucleon structure functions computed in the Bjorken limit. The formalism, which is valid for nucleons bound inside nuclei with spin 1/2 or 1, is applied to the case of the deuteron.
Relativistic Hartree equations for spherical nuclei have been derived from a relativistic quark model of the structure of bound nucleons which interact through the (self-consistent) exchange of scalar ($σ$) and vector ($ω$ and $ρ$) mesons. The coupling constants and the mass of the $σ$-meson are determined from the properties of symmetric nuclear matter and the rms charge radius in $^{40}$Ca. Calculated properties of static, closed-shell nuclei from $^{16}$O to $^{208}$Pb are compared with experimental data and with results of Quantum Hadrodynamics (QHD). The dependence of the results on the n…
The impact of Hartree-Fock correlations on the nuclear momentum distribution is studied in a fully relativistic one boson exchange model. Hartree-Fock equations are exactly solved to first order in the coupling constants. The renormalization of the Dirac spinors in the medium is shown to affect the momentum distribution, as opposed to what happens in the non-relativistic case. The unitarity of the model is shown to be preserved by the present renormalization procedure.
Understanding the production mechanism of light (anti-)nuclei in high-energy nuclear collisions and cosmic rays has been a long-standing problem in nuclear physics. In the present study, we develop a stochastic method to solve the relativistic kinetic equations for light nuclei production from many-body reactions with the inclusion of their finite sizes. The present approach gives an excellent description of the deuteron and helium-3 data from central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ $=$ $200~\rm GeV$ ($2.76~\rm TeV$). It can also naturally explain their suppressed production in…
We employ a propagator technique to derive a new relativistic $1/\qq$ expansion of the structure function of a nucleus, composed of point-nucleons. We exploit non-relativistic features of low-momentum nucleons in the target and only treat relativistically the nucleon after absorption of a high-momentum virtual photon. The new series permits a 3-dimensional reduction of each term and a formal summation of all Final State Interaction terms. We then show that a relativistic structure function can be obtained from its non-relativistic analog by a mere change of a scaling variable and an addition o…
We perform a self-consistent relativistic RPA calculation for the isobaric analogue and Gamow-Teller resonances based on relativistic mean field theory results for the ground states of $^{48}$Ca, $^{90}$Zr and $^{208}$Pb. We use the parameter set NL1 for the $σ$, $ω$ and $ρ$ mesons, and experimental values for the pion and nucleon. An extra parameter, related to the intensity of the contact term in the pion-exchange interaction, is crucial to reproduce the latter resonances.
The production of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is well described by both the thermal model, where light nuclei are in equilibrium with all other hadron species present in a fireball, and by the coalescence model, where light nuclei are formed due to final state interactions after the fireball decays. A method is proposed to falsify one of the models. We suggest to measure a hadron-deuteron correlation function which carries information about the source of the deuterons and allows one to determine whether a deuteron is directly emitted from the fireball or if it is formed a…
Mass radius and D-term of atomic nuclei in relativistic mean field theory
本文基于相对论平均场理论，计算了多种原子核的质量半径及其他与能量动量张量相关的半径，并研究了核子数对D项的影响，揭示了核壳结构对核性质的强敏感性。
Light nuclei photoproduction in relativistic heavy ion ultraperipheral collisions
本文首次利用含波包描述的量子电动力学模型计算了相对论重离子超周边碰撞中质子-反质子对光生截面，并给出了Au+Au碰撞在200 GeV下的横动量、不变质量及方位角分布，观测到cos(2ϕ)调制，为理解光生物质提供了新依据。
Nuclides sharing the same mass number (isobars) are observed ubiquitously along the stability line. While having nearly identical radii, stable isobars can differ in shape, and present in particular different quadrupole deformations. We show that even small differences in these deformations can be probed by relativistic nuclear collisions experiments, where they manifest as deviations from unity in the ratios of elliptic flow coefficients taken between isobaric systems. Collider experiments with isobars represent, thus, a unique means to obtain quantitative information about the geometric shap…
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