Effect of Different Device Parameters on Tin Based Perovskite Solar Cell Coupled with In2S3 Electron Transport Layer and CuSCN and Spiro-OMeTAD Alternative Hole Transport Layers for High Efficiency Performance
Intekhab Alam, Md Ali Ashraf
发表信息：
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (2020) 1.184 Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects
SCAPS 1-D was used for the simulation of lead-free environmentally benign methylammonium tin-iodide (CH3NH3SnI3) based solar cell. Indium sulphide (In2S3) was utilized as the electron transport layer (ETL) for its high carrier mobility and optimized band structure, unlike traditional titanium oxide (TiO2) ETL. Traditional expensive spiro-OMeTAD (C81H68N4O8) and cheaper cuprous thiocyanate (CuSCN) were utilized alternatively as hole transport layer (HTL) to observe the effect of different HTL on cell performance. We investigated the trend in electrical measurements by altering parameters such as thickness, defect density, valence band (VB) effective density of state and bandgap of the absorber layer, interfacial trap densities and defect density of ETL. At optimum condition, the device revealed the highest efficiency of 18.45% for CuSCN (HTL) and 19.32% for spiro-OMeTAD (HTL) configuration. The effect of working temperature, the wavelength of light and band-to-band radiative recombination rate was also observed for both configurations. All these simulation results will help to fabricate eco-friendly high-efficiency perovskite solar cell by replacing the commonly used toxic lead-based perovskite.
Distinguishing Carrier Transport and Interfacial Recombination at Perovskite-Transport Layer Interfaces Using Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Numerical Simulation
In this work, we propose a method of selecting the most desirable combinations of material for a perovskite solar cell design utilizing the genetic algorithm. Solar cells based on the methylammonium lead halide, CH3NH3PbX3, attract researchers due to the benefits of their high absorption coefficient and sharp Urbach tail, long diffusion length and carrier lifetime, and high carrier mobility. However, their poor stability under exposure to moisture still poses a challenge. In our work, we assigned stability index, power conversion efficiency index, and cost-effectiveness index for each material…
In high performance perovskite based solar cells, CH3NH3PbI3 is the key material. We carried out a study on charge diffusion in spin-coated CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin film by transient fluorescent spectroscopy. A thickness-dependent fluorescent lifetime was found. By coating the film with an electron or hole transfer layer, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) or 2,2,7,7-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) respectively, we observed the charge transfer directly through the fluorescence quenching. One-dimensional diffusion model was applied to ob…
The anomalous hysteresis is reported in photo current density-voltage (J-V) curves of perovskite solar cells. The origins responsible for hysteresis are primarily attributed to ferroelectricity, trapping/de-trapping, and ions migration. Meanwhile, a switchable photovoltaic effect is disclosed in lateral structure perovskite solar cells, where a p-i-n structure is formed after poling the device with a reverse bias. Considering the normal sandwiched structure of perovskite solar cells, i.e. the intrinsic perovskite layer is situated in an electric field built by p-type (Spiro-OMeTAD) and n-type …
The scalability of highly efficient organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one of the remaining challenges of solar module manufacturing. Various scalable methods have been explored to strive for uniform perovskite films of high crystal quality on large-area substrates. However, each of these methods have individual drawbacks, limiting the successful commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Here, we report a fully scalable hybrid process, which combines vapor- and solution-based techniques to deposit high quality uniform perovskite films on large-area substrates. This two-ste…
Hysteretic effects are investigated in perovskite solar cells in the standard FTO/TiO$_2$/CH$_3$NH$_3$PbI$_{3-x}$Cl$_x$/spiro-OMeTAD/Au configuration. We report normal (NH) and inverted hysteresis (IH) in the J-V characteristics occurring for the same device structure, the behavior strictly depending on the pre-poling bias. NH typically appears at pre-poling biases larger than the open circuit bias, while pronounced IH occurs for negative bias pre-poling. The transition from NH to IH is marked by a intermediate mixed hysteresis behavior characterized by a crossing point in the J-V characterist…
Hybrid perovskite solar cells, with their power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 22%, have been representing a revolutionary concept for future energy power generation. Although listed among the Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2016, device longevity is the actual bottleneck for their real uptake in the market. Here we design an ultra-stable molecular junction of two/three dimensional (2D/3D) perovskites. It consists of a 2D (HOOC(CH2)2NH3)2PbI4, anchored at the oxide substrate, that templates the growth of a highly ordered 3D CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite stabilizing in the orthorhombic phase, ev…
Using cross-correlation current noise spectroscopy, we have investigated carrier dynamics in methylammonium lead triiodide solar cells. This method provides a space selectivity for devices with planar multi-layered structure, effectively amplifying current noise contributions coming from the most resistive element of the stack. In the studied solar cells, we observe near full-scale shot noise, indicating the dominance of noise generation by a single source, likely the interface between the perovskite and the spiro-OMeTAD hole-transport layer. We argue that the strong 1/f noise term has contrib…
Perovskite solar cells are one of the most attracting cells because of remarkably improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) recently. Toward their practical application, it is important not only to increase the PCE but also to elucidate the deterioration mechanism. Here, we present operando direct observation of spin states in the cells using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy in order to investigate the operation and deterioration mechanisms from a microscopic viewpoint. By simultaneous measurements of solar-cell and ESR characteristics of the same cell, the spin states in the hole-t…
In this study, combined DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks are used to investigate the optimized designs of Cs2BiAgI6 double perovskite-based solar cells. The first-principle calculation is employed to investigate the structural stability, optical responses, and electronic contribution of the constituent elements in Cs2BiAgI6 absorber material, where SCAPS-1D and wxAMPS simulators are used to scrutinize different configurations of Cs2BiAgI6 solar cells. Here, PCBM, ZnO, TiO2, C60, IGZO, SnO2, WS2, and CeO2 are used as ETL, and Cu2O, CuSCN, CuSbS2, NiO, P3HT, PEDOT: PSS, Spiro-MeOTAD, CuI, Cu…
CsPbI3 has recently received tremendous attention as a possible absorber of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, CsPbI3-based PSCs have yet to achieve the high performance of the hybrid PSCs. In this work, we performed a density functional theory (DFT) study using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) code for the cubic CsPbI3 absorber to compare and evaluate its structural, electronic, and optical properties. The calculated electronic band gap (Eg) using the GGA-PBE approach of CASTEP was 1.483 eV for this CsPbI3 absorber. Moreover, the computed density of states (DOS) exhibit…
Overcoming Transport Layer Bottlenecks to Quantify Ionic Parameters from Transient Ion Current Measurements of Perovskite Solar Cells
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW)（苏黎世应用科学大学）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；University of Zurich（苏黎世大学）；Fluxim AG（Fluxim公司）；Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology（瑞士联邦材料科技研究所）；Institute of Computational Physics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW)（苏黎世应用科学大学计算物理研究所）；Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院化学与应用生物学系）；Department of Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning, University of Zurich（苏黎世大学数学建模与机器学习系）；Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology（瑞士联邦材料科技研究所薄膜与光伏实验室）；Physik-Institut, University of Zurich（苏黎世大学物理学院）
A Comprehensive Computational Photovoltaic Study of Lead-free Inorganic NaSnCl$_3$-based Perovskite Solar Cell: Effect of Charge Transport Layers and Material Parameters
