Cyber-physical systems are inherently safety-critical. The deployment of a runtime monitor significantly increases confidence in their safety. The effectiveness of the monitor can be maximized by considering it an integral component during its development. Thus, in this paper, I given an overview over recent work regarding a development process for runtime monitors alongside a cyber-physical system. This process includes the transformation of desirable safety properties into the formal specification language RTLola. A compiler then generates an executable artifact for monitoring the specification. This artifact can then be integrated into the system.
Cyber-physical software continually interacts with its physical environment for adaptation in order to deliver smart services. However, the interactions can be subject to various errors when the software's assumption on its environment no longer holds, thus leading to unexpected misbehavior or even failure. To address this problem, one promising way is to conduct runtime monitoring of invariants, so as to prevent cyber-physical software from entering such errors (a.k.a. abnormal states). To effectively detect abnormal states, we in this article present an approach, named Context-based Multi-In…
Cyber-physical space systems are engineered systems operating within physical space with design requirements that depend on space, e.g., regarding location or movement behavior. They are built from and depend upon the seamless integration of computation and physical components. Typical examples include systems where software-driven agents such as mobile robots explore space and perform actions to complete particular missions. Design of such a system often depends on multiple concerns expressed by different stakeholders, capturing different aspects of the system. We propose a model-driven appro…
An appropriate system model gives developers a better overview, and the ability to fix more inconsistencies more effectively and earlier in system development, reducing overall effort and cost. However, modelling assumes abstraction of several aspects of the system and its environment, and this abstraction should be not overlooked, but properly taken into account during later development phases. This is especially especially important for the cases of remote integration, testing/verification, and manufacturing of cyber-physical systems. For this reason we introduce a development methodology fo…
Robots belong to a class of Cyber-Physical Systems where complex software as a mobile device has to full tasks in a complex environment. Modeling robotics applications for analysis and code generation requires modeling languages for the logical software architecture and the system behavior. The MontiArcAutomaton modeling framework integrates six independently developed modeling languages to model robotics applications: a component & connector architecture description language, automata, I/O tables, class diagrams, OCL, and a Java DSL. We describe how we integrated these languages into MontiArc…
A lot of current buildings are operated energy inefficient and offer a great potential to reduce the overall energy consumption and CO2 emission. Detecting these inefficiencies is a complicated task and needs domain experts that are able to identify them. Most approaches try to support detection by focussing on monitoring the building's operation and visualizing data. Instead our approach focuses on using techniques taken from the cyber-physical systems' modeling domain. We create a model of the building and show how we constrain the model by OCL-like rules to support a sound specification whi…
Runtime verification or runtime monitoring equips safety-critical cyber-physical systems to augment design assurance measures and ensure operational safety and security. Cyber-physical systems have interaction failures, attack surfaces, and attack vectors resulting in unanticipated hazards and loss scenarios. These interaction failures pose challenges to runtime verification regarding monitoring specifications and monitoring placements for in-time detection of hazards. We develop a well-formed workflow model that connects system theoretic process analysis, commonly referred to as STPA, hazard …
Advanced embedded system technology is one of the key driving forces behind the rapid growth of Cyber-Physical System (CPS) applications. Cyber-Physical Systems are comprised of multiple coordinating and cooperating components, which are often software intensive and interacting with each other to achieve unprecedented tasks. Such complex CPSs have multiple attack surfaces and attack vectors that we have to secure against. Towards this goal, we demonstrate a multilevel runtime safety and security monitor framework where there are monitors across the CPS for detection and isolation of attacks. W…
Development of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) requires close interaction between developers with expertise in many domains to achieve ever-increasing demands for improved performance, reduced cost, and more system autonomy. Each engineering discipline commonly relies on domain-specific modeling languages, and analysis and execution of these models is often automated with appropriate tooling. However, integration between these heterogeneous models and tools is often lacking, and most of the burden for inter-operation of these tools is placed on system developers. To address this problem, we intr…
In the era of Big Data and Internet-of-Things (IoT), all real-world environments are gradually becoming cyber-physical (e.g., emergency management, healthcare, smart manufacturing, etc.), with the presence of connected devices and embedded ICT systems (e.g., smartphones, sensors, actuators) producing huge amounts of data and events that influence the enactment of the Cyber Physical Processes (CPPs) enacted in such environments. A Process Management System (PMS) employed for executing CPPs is required to automatically adapt its running processes to anomalous situations and exogenous events by m…
The ability to capture different levels of abstraction in a system model is especially important for remote integration, testing/verification, and manufacturing of cyber-physical systems (CPSs). However, the complexity of modelling and testing of CPSs makes these processes extremely prone to human error. In this paper we present our ongoing work on introducing human-centred considerations into modelling and testing of CPSs, which allow for agile iterative refinement processes of different levels of abstraction when errors are discovered or missing information is completed.
Integrating the design and creation of fault identification and diagnostic capabilities into Model-Driven Development methodologies is one approach to enhancing the resilience of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems. We present a Fault Diagnostic Engine designed to recognise and diagnose faults in IEC 61499 Function Block Applications. Using diagnostic agents that interact directly with the target application, we demonstrate fault monitoring and analysis techniques and as well as failure scenario intervention. By designing and building fault diagnostic resources during early phases of Model-Drive…
