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arXiv 2012.06258astro-ph.GA
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矮星系与黑洞标度关系

Dwarf Galaxies and the Black-Hole Scaling Relations

Andrew King, Rebecca Nealon

摘要:

矮星系的样本测量中心黑洞质量$M$和速度色散$σ$最近增加了一倍,并给出了一个密切配合的外推的$M \propto σ$关系更大的星系。我们认为,这是很难调和的建议,星系和它们的中央黑洞之间的标度关系只是一个统计的结果,通过反复合并组装。这预示着黑洞的质量明显大于矮星系中观察到的质量,除非不相关的种子黑洞和恒星质量的初始分布被限制在比先前假设的小得多的质量。它还预测了一个明显的扁平的$M \propto σ$关系的矮星,$M \propto σ^2$相比,观察到的$M \propto σ^4$。与此相反,黑洞反馈预测,黑洞的质量倾向于一个普遍的$M \propto σ^4$关系,在所有星系,并正确地给出了强大的外流最近在矮星系中观察到的属性。这些考虑再次强调,基本的物理黑洞-星系标度关系是在$M$和$σ$之间。$M$与核球质量$M_b$之间的关系是因果的,并且依赖于恒星反馈所建立的$M_b$与$σ$之间的完全独立的联系。

英文摘要:

The sample of dwarf galaxies with measured central black hole masses $M$ and velocity dispersions $σ$ has recently doubled, and gives a close fit to the extrapolation of the $M \propto σ$ relation for more massive galaxies. We argue that this is difficult to reconcile with suggestions that the scaling relations between galaxies and their central black holes are simply a statistical consequence of assembly through repeated mergers. This predicts black hole masses significantly larger than those observed in dwarf galaxies unless the initial distribution of uncorrelated seed black hole and stellar masses is confined to much smaller masses than earlier assumed. It also predicts a noticeable flattening of the $M \propto σ$ relation for dwarfs, to $M \propto σ^2$ compared with the observed $M \propto σ^4$. In contrast black hole feedback predicts that black hole masses tend towards a universal $M \propto σ^4$ relation in all galaxies, and correctly gives the properties of powerful outflows recently observed in dwarf galaxies. These considerations emphasize once again that the fundamental physical black-hole -- galaxy scaling relation is between $M$ and $σ$. The relation of $M$ to the bulge mass $M_b$ is acausal, and depends on the quite independent connection between $M_b$ and $σ$ set by stellar feedback.

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