A 12-mode Universal Photonic Processor for Quantum Information Processing
Caterina Taballione, Reinier van der Meer, Henk J. Snijders, Peter Hooijschuur, Jörn P. Epping, Michiel de Goede, Ben Kassenberg, Pim Venderbosch, Chris Toebes,… 展开作者
Caterina Taballione, Reinier van der Meer, Henk J. Snijders, Peter Hooijschuur, Jörn P. Epping, Michiel de Goede, Ben Kassenberg, Pim Venderbosch, Chris Toebes, Hans van den Vlekkert, Pepijn W. H. Pinkse, Jelmer J. Renema
Photonic processors are pivotal for both quantum and classical information processing tasks using light. In particular, linear optical quantum information processing requires both largescale and low-loss programmable photonic processors. In this paper, we report the demonstration of the largest universal quantum photonic processor to date: a low-loss, 12-mode fully tunable linear interferometer with all-to-all coupling based on stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides.
Reconfigurable quantum photonic processors are an essential technology for photonic quantum computing. Although most large-scale reconfigurable quantum photonic processors were demonstrated at the telecommunications C band around 1550 nm, high-performance single photon light sources utilizing quantum dots that are well-suited for photonic quantum computing operate at a variety of wavelengths. Thus, a demand exists for the compatibility of quantum photonic processors with a larger wavelength range. Silicon nitride (SiN) has a high confinement and wide transparency window, enabling compact, low-…
The development of large-scale optical quantum information processing circuits ground on the stability and reconfigurability enabled by integrated photonics. We demonstrate a reconfigurable 8x8 integrated linear optical network based on silicon nitride waveguides for quantum information processing. Our processor implements a novel optical architecture enabling any arbitrary linear transformation and constitutes the largest programmable circuit reported so far on this platform. We validate a variety of photonic quantum information processing primitives, in the form of Hong-Ou-Mandel interferenc…
A quantum processor to import, process, and export optical quantum states is a common core technology enabling various photonic quantum information processing. However, there has been no photonic processor which is simultaneously universal, scalable, and programmable. Here, we report on an original loop-based single-mode versatile photonic quantum processor which is designed to be universal, scalable, and programmable. Our processor can perform arbitrarily many steps of programmable quantum operations on a given single-mode optical quantum state by time-domain processing in a dynamically contr…
Scalable photonic quantum computing architectures pose stringent requirements on photonic processing devices. The need for low-loss high-speed reconfigurable circuits and near-deterministic resource state generators are some of the most challenging requirements. Here we develop an integrated photonic platform based on thin-film lithium niobate and interface it with deterministic solid-state single-photon sources based on quantum dots in nanophotonic waveguides. The generated photons are processed with low-loss circuits programmable at speeds of several GHz. We realize a variety of key photonic…
Non-Gaussian quantum states of light are critical resources for optical quantum information processing, but methods to generate them efficiently remain challenging to implement. Here we introduce a generic approach for non-Gaussian state production from input states populating discrete frequency bins. Based on controllable unitary operations with a quantum frequency processor, followed by photon-number-resolved detection of ancilla modes, our method combines recent developments in both frequency-based quantum information and non-Gaussian state preparation. Leveraging and refining the K-functio…
Interaction-free measurement of multiple objects using a universal integrated photonic processor
International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL)（伊比利亚纳米技术国际实验室）；Centro de Física, Universidade do Minho（米尼奥大学物理中心）；CINECA Consorzio Interuniversitario（意大利大学联合体CINECA）；Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense（弗鲁米嫩塞联邦大学物理研究所）
Reconfigurable linear optical networks are a key component for the development of optical quantum information processing platforms in the NISQ era and beyond. We report the implementation of such a device based on an innovative design that uses the mode mixing of a multimode fiber in combination with the programmable wavefront shaping of a SLM. The capabilities of the platform are explored in the classical regime. For up to 8 inputs and a record number of 38 outputs, we achieve fidelities in excess of 93%, and losses below 6.5dB. The device was built inside a standard server rack to allow for …
We introduce a method for high-fidelity quantum state transduction between a superconducting microwave qubit and the ground state spin system of a solid-state artificial atom, mediated via an acoustic bus connected by piezoelectric transducers. Applied to present-day experimental parameters for superconducting circuit qubits and diamond silicon vacancy centers in an optimized phononic cavity, we estimate quantum state transduction with fidelity exceeding 99\% at a MHz-scale bandwidth. By combining the complementary strengths of superconducting circuit quantum computing and artificial atoms, th…
Quantum algorithms for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines have recently emerged as new promising routes towards demonstrating near-term quantum advantage (or supremacy) over classical systems. In these systems samples are typically drawn from probability distributions which --- under plausible complexity-theoretic conjectures --- cannot be efficiently generated classically. Rather than first define a physical system and then determine computational features of the output state, we ask the converse question: given direct access to the quantum state, what features of the generating…
Efficient and reliable measurements of photonic indistinguishability are crucial to solidify claims of a quantum advantage in photonics. Existing indistinguishability witnesses may be vulnerable to implementation loopholes, showing the need for a measurement which depends on as few assumptions as possible. Here, we introduce a semi-device-independent witness of photonic indistinguishability and measure it on an integrated photonic processor, certifying three-photon indistinguishability in a way that is insensitive to implementation errors in our processor.
Faithful storage and coherent manipulation of quantum optical pulses are key for long distance quantum communications and quantum computing. Combining these functions in a light-matter interface that can be integrated on-chip with other photonic quantum technologies, e.g. sources of entangled photons, is an important step towards these applications. To date there have only been a few demonstrations of coherent pulse manipulation utilizing optical storage devices compatible with quantum states, and that only in atomic gas media (making integration difficult) and with limited capabilities. Here …
We suggest a near deterministic compact model of a photonic CNOT gate based on a quantum dot trapped in a double sided optical microcavity and a universal cloner. Our design surpasses the cloner optimal limit of 5/6 and we show that it provides fidelity around 91 % in the weak coupling regime.
Entanglement is a fundamental property of quantum mechanics, and is a primary resource in quantum information systems. Its manipulation remains a central challenge in the development of quantum technology. In this work, we demonstrate a device which can generate, manipulate, and analyse two-qubit entangled states, using miniature and mass-manufacturable silicon photonics. By combining four photon-pair sources with a reconfigurable six-mode interferometer, embedding a switchable entangling gate, we generate two-qubit entangled states, manipulate their entanglement, and analyse them, all in the …
Here is discussed the Hamiltonian approach to construction of deterministic universal (in approximate sense) programmable quantum circuits with qubits or any other quantum systems with dimension of Hilbert space is $n \ge 2$.
Delivering on the revolutionary promise of a universal quantum computer will require processors with millions of quantum bits (qubits). In superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is individually addressed with microwave signal lines that connect room temperature electronics to the cryogenic environment of the quantum circuit. The complexity and heat load associated with the multiple coaxial lines per qubit limits the possible size of a processor to a few thousand qubits. Here we introduce a photonic link employing an optical fiber to guide modulated laser light from room temperature to …
We analyze and compare the optimality of approximate and probabilistic universal programmable quantum processors. We define several characteristics how to quantify the optimality and we study in detail performance of three types of programmable quantum processors based on (1) the C-NOT gate, (2) the SWAP operation, and (3) the model of the quantum information distributor - the QID processor. We show under which conditions the measurement assisted QID processor is optimal. We also investigate optimality of the so-called U-processors and we also compare the optimal approximative implementation o…
Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography（河南省量子信息与密码重点实验室）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale（合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心）；Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science（上海量子科学研究中心）；CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics（中国科学院量子信息与量子科技创新研究院）；Hefei National Laboratory（合肥国家实验室）
Training a quantum machine learning model generally requires a large labeled dataset, which incurs high labeling and computational costs. To reduce such costs, a selective training strategy, called active learning (AL), chooses only a subset of the original dataset to learn while maintaining the trained model's performance. Here, we design and implement two AL-enpowered variational quantum classifiers, to investigate the potential applications and effectiveness of AL in quantum machine learning. Firstly, we build a programmable free-space photonic quantum processor, which enables the programme…
A quantum processor (the programmable gate array) is a quantum network with a fixed structure. A space of states is represented as tensor product of data and program registers. Different unitary operations with the data register correspond to "loaded" programs without any changing or "tuning" of network itself. Due to such property and undesirability of entanglement between program and data registers, universality of quantum processors is subject of rather strong restrictions. By different authors was developed universal "stochastic" quantum gate arrays. It was proved also, that "deterministic…
We present a probabilistic quantum processor for qudits. The processor itself is represented by a fixed array of gates. The input of the processor consists of two registers. In the program register the set of instructions (program) is encoded. This program is applied to the data register. The processor can perform any operation on a single qudit of the dimension N with a certain probability. If the operation is unitary, the probability is in general 1/N^2, but for more restricted sets of operators the probability can be higher. In fact, this probability can be independent of the dimension of t…
Integrated optics is an engineering solution proposed for exquisite control of photonic quantum information. Here we use silicon photonics and the linear combination of quantum operators scheme to realise a fully programmable two-qubit quantum processor. The device is fabricated with readily available CMOS based processing and comprises four nonlinear photon-sources, four filters, eighty-two beam splitters and fifty-eight individually addressable phase shifters. To demonstrate performance, we programmed the device to implement ninety-eight various two-qubit unitary operations (with average qua…
We consider a scheme of quantum teleportation where a receiver has multiple (N) output ports and obtains the teleported state by merely selecting one of the N ports according to the outcome of the sender's measurement. We demonstrate that such teleportation is possible by showing an explicit protocol where N pairs of maximally entangled qubits are employed. The optimal measurement performed by a sender is the square-root measurement, and a perfect teleportation fidelity is asymptotically achieved for a large N limit. Such asymptotic teleportation can be utilized as a universal programmable pro…
The first quantum technology, which harnesses uniquely quantum mechanical effects for its core operation, has arrived in the form of commercially available quantum key distribution systems that achieve enhanced security by encoding information in photons such that information gained by an eavesdropper can be detected. Anticipated future quantum technologies include large-scale secure networks, enhanced measurement and lithography, and quantum information processors, promising exponentially greater computation power for particular tasks. Photonics is destined for a central role in such technolo…
We present a photonic integrated circuit architecture for a quantum programmable gate array (QPGA) capable of preparing arbitrary quantum states and operators. The architecture consists of a lattice of phase-modulated Mach-Zehnder interferometers, which perform rotations on path-encoded photonic qubits, and embedded quantum emitters, which use a two-photon scattering process to implement a deterministic controlled-$σ_z$ operation between adjacent qubits. By appropriately setting phase shifts within the lattice, the device can be programmed to implement any quantum circuit without hardware modi…
