Tewodros Amdeberhan, Adriana Duncan, Victor H. Moll, Vaishavi Sharma
Motivated by an expression by Persson and Strang on an integral involving Legendre polynomials, stating that the square of $P_{2n+1}(x)/x$ integrated over $[-1,1]$ is always $2$, we present analog results for Hermite, Chebyshev, Laguerre and Gegenbauer polynomials as well as the original Legendre polynomial with even index.
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We obtain definite integrals for products of associated Legendre functions with Bessel functions, associated Legendre functions, and Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind using orthogonality and integral transforms.
We generalize generating functions for hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials, namely Jacobi, Gegenbauer, Laguerre, and Wilson polynomials. These generalizations of generating functions are accomplished through series rearrangement using connection relations with one free parameter for these orthogonal polynomials. We also use orthogonality relations to determine corresponding definite integrals.
We construct 3 finite systems of $4-F-3$ hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials. The weights are 1) the weight defined by the $5-H-5$ Dougall summation formula; 2) the integrand in the Askey beta-integral; 3) the weight $w(s)=|p(s)/q(s)|^2$, where $p(s)=Γ(a+is)Γ(b+is)Γ(c+is)$ and $q(s)=Γ(d+is)Γ(2is)$. We also evaluate the integral of the function $w(s)$ using the Jacobi transform (the Olevsky transform); this integral also can be reduced to the Nassrallah--Rahman integral.
Morales-Mendoza et al. present in 2013 a new class of discrete orthogonal polynomials. They use these polynomials to design an unbiased FIR filter. In their paper they make the statement that a representation of the polynomials via hypergeometric functions is unknown. However Shakibaei Asli et al. found in 2017 a $_3F_2$ hypergeometric function representation. In this paper it is shown that the "new" orthogonal polynomials belong to the class of the Hahn polynomials. The transfer function of the unbiased FIR filter has been determined. In the second part, an orthogonal unbiased FIR filter is d…
We obtain order estimates in the spaces $L_p$ of the best $n$-term trigonometric orthogonal approximations of the classes ${\cal F}_{q}^ψ$ of periodic functions, whose Fourier coefficients decrease faster then any power function. We also obtain order estimates of the quantities of approximations by $n$-term Greedy approximants of such classes in the spaces $L_p$.
We use generating functions to express orthogonality relations in the form of $q$-beta integrals. The integrand of such a $q$-beta integral is then used as a weight function for a new set of orthogonal or biorthogonal
A new class of 2-orthogonal polynomials satisfying orthogonality conditions with respect to a pair of linear functionals $(u_0,u_1)$ was presented in Douak K & Maroni P [On a new class of 2-orthogonal polynomials, I: the recurrence relations and some properties. Integral Transforms Spec Funct. 2021;32(2):134-153]. Six interesting special cases were pointed out there. For each case, we precisely deal with the integral representation problem for the functionals associated to these polynomials. The focus is on the matrix differential equation $\big({\bfΦU}\big)'+{\bfΨU}=0$, with ${\bf U}={^t}(u_0…
We describe the utility of integral representations for sums of basic hypergeometric functions. In particular we use these to derive an infinite sequence of transformations for symmetrizations over certain variables which the functions possess. These integral representations were studied by Bailey, Slater, Askey, Roy, Gasper and Rahman and were also used to facilitate the computation of certain outstanding problems in the theory of basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials in the $q$-Askey scheme. We also generalize and give consequences and transformation formulas for some fundamental integ…
Multiple orthogonal polynomials associated with the exponential integral
本文构造了关于 gamma 密度和指数积分相关密度的新型多重正交多项式，给出显式表示、递推关系及零点渐近分布，并建立与随机矩阵理论的联系。
For $\boldsymbol{\large λ} = (λ_1,\ldots,λ_d)$ with $λ_i > 0$, it is proved that \begin{equation*} \prod_{i=1}^d \frac{ 1}{(1- r x_i)^{λ_i}} = \frac{Γ(|\boldsymbol{\large λ}|)}{\prod_{i=1}^{d} Γ(λ_i)} \int_{\mathcal{T}^d} \frac{1}{ (1- r \langle x, u \rangle)^{|\boldsymbol{\large λ}|}} \prod_{i=1}^d u_i^{λ_i-1} du, \end{equation*} where $\mathcal{T}^d$ is the simplex in homogeneous coordinates of $\mathbb{R}^d$, from which a new integral relation for Gegenbuer polynomials of different indexes is deduced. The latter result is used to derive closed formulas for reproducing kernels of orthogonal …
We derive generalized generating functions for basic hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials by applying connection relations with one free parameter to them. In particular, we generalize generating functions for the Askey-Wilson, continuous $q$-ultraspherical/Rogers, little $q$-Laguerre/Wall, and $q$-Laguerre polynomials. Depending on what type of orthogonality these polynomials satisfy, we derive corresponding definite integrals, infinite series, bilateral infinite series, and $q$-integrals.
Confluent functions, Laguerre polynomials and their (generalized) bilinear integrals
本文研究了连函数与拉格朗日多项式的双线性积分性质，揭示了其在不同参数下的正交关系及广义格拉姆矩阵的构建方法。
We extend to a situation involving matrix valued orthogonal polynomials a scalar result that originates in work of Claude Shannon and a ground-breaking series of papers by D. Slepian, H. Landau and H. Pollak at Bell Labs in the 1960's. While these papers feature integral and differential operators acting on scalar valued functions, we are dealing here with integral and differential operators acting on matrix valued functions.
Integral and hypergeometric representations for multiple orthogonal polynomials
本文为任意权函数数量的经典多重正交多项式，建立了I型Hahn多项式的显式超几何表达式，并利用留数定理和Mellin变换推导了Laguerre、Jacobi-Piñeiro和Hahn族的围道积分表示，进而得到显式超几何表示。
Bilateral discrete and continuous orthogonality relations in the $q^{-1}$-symmetric Askey scheme
本文在$q^{-1}$-对称Askey框架下计算了五类正交多项式的双边离散与连续正交关系，并由$q^{-1}$-Askey--Wilson多项式的连续正交关系导出$q$-beta积分，其在$q\ o 1^{-}$极限下对应一个Ramanujan型beta积分并给出两种证明。
In this paper, we discuss a system of differential equations for the Fisher integral on the special orthogonal group. Especially, we explicitly give a set of linear differential operators which generates the annihilating ideal of the Fisher integral, and we prove that the annihilating ideal is a maximal left ideal of the ring of differential operators with polynomial coefficients. Our proof is given by a discussion concerned with an annihilating ideal of a Schwartz distribution associated with the Haar measure on the special orthogonal group. We also give differential operators annihilating th…
In this paper we generalize and specialize generating functions for classical orthogonal polynomials, namely Jacobi, Gegenbauer, Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials. We derive a generalization of the generating function for Gegenbauer polynomials through extension a two element sequence of generating functions for Jacobi polynomials. Specializations of generating functions are accomplished through the re-expression of Gauss hypergeometric functions in terms of less general functions. Definite integrals which correspond to the presented orthogonal polynomial series expansions are also given.
The purpose of this note is to give an affirmative answer to a conjecture appearing in [Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 26 (2015) 90-95].
We use connection relations and series rearrangement to generalize generating functions for several higher continuous orthogonal polynomials in the Askey scheme, namely the Wilson, continuous dual Hahn, continuous Hahn, and Meixner-Pollaczek polynomials. We also determine corresponding definite integrals using the orthogonality relations for these polynomials.
In this paper we obtain $L^1$-weighted norms of classical orthogonal polynomials (Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials) in terms of the zeros of these orthogonal polynomials; these expressions are usually known as quadrature rules. In particular these new formulae are useful to calculate directly some positive defined integrals as several examples show.
New proofs of theorems on q-orthogonal functions
本文通过正交关系建立q-积分公式，重新证明了连续q-超球多项式的q-正交关系，并计算了一个含五个参数的新q-beta积分。
This paper builds on the notion of the so-called orthogonal derivative, where an n-th order derivative is approximated by an integral involving an orthogonal polynomial of degree n. This notion was reviewed in great detail in a paper in J. Approx. Theory (2012) by the author and Koornwinder. Here an approximation of the Weyl or Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is considered by replacing the n-th derivative by its approximation in the formula for the fractional derivative. In the case of, for instance, Jacobi polynomials an explicit formula for the kernel of this approximate fractional d…
For the polynomials orthogonal on the unit circle with respect to the measure from the Szego class we prove that the polynomial entropy integrals can grow. The estimate obtained is sharp.
We investigate the quadratic decomposition and duality to classify symmetrical $H_{q}$-semiclassical orthogonal $q$-polynomials of class one where $H_{q}$ is the Hahn's operator. For any canonical situation, the recurrence coefficients, the $q$-analog of the distributional equation of Pearson type, the moments and integral or discrete representations are given.
Persson and Strang (2003) evaluated the integral over [-1,1] of a squared odd degree Legendre polynomial divided by x^2 as being equal to 2. We consider a similar integral for orthogonal polynomials with respect to a general even orthogonality measure, with Gegenbauer and Hermite polynomials as explicit special cases. Next, after a quadratic transformation, we are led to the general nonsymmetric case, with Jacobi and Laguerre polynomials as explicit special cases. Examples of indefinite summation also occur in this context. The paper concludes with a generalization of the earlier results for H…
In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behavior of polynomials that are orthonormal over the interior domain of an analytic Jordan curve L with respect to area measure. We prove that, inside L, these polynomials behave asymptotically like a sequence of certain integrals involving the canonical conformal map of the exterior of L onto the exterior of the unit circle and certain meromorphic kernel function defined in terms of a conformal map of the interior of L onto the unit disk. The error term in the integral representation is proven to decay geometrically and sufficiently fast, allowing …
Classical discrete multiple orthogonal polynomials: hypergeometric and integral representations
本文研究任意权重的经典离散多重正交多项式，推导了Hahn多项式递归系数的显式表达式，利用多重Askey方案为各后裔族提供了I型多项式及递归系数的超几何与积分表示，并补充了相应的极限以完善该方案。
Normalization Integrals of Orthogonal Heun Functions
本文提出一种基于微分方程极限过程的方法，利用局部幂级数解及其导数显式计算正交Heun函数的归一化积分，为构建标准正交基提供高效替代方案。
We propose a new approach to the combinatorial interpretations of linearization coefficient problem of orthogonal polynomials. We first establish a difference system and then solve it combinatorially and analytically using the method of separation of variables. We illustrate our approach by applying it to determine the number of perfect matchings, derangements, and other weighted permutation problems. The separation of variables technique naturally leads to integral representations of combinatorial numbers where the integrand contains a product of one or more types of orthogonal polynomials. T…
We consider polynomials that are orthogonal over an analytic Jordan curve L with respect to a positive analytic weight, and show that each such polynomial of sufficiently large degree can be expanded in a series of certain integral transforms that converges uniformly in the whole complex plane. This expansion yields, in particular and simultaneously, Szego's classical strong asymptotic formula and a new integral representation for the polynomials inside L. We further exploit such a representation to derive finer asymptotic results for weights having finitely many singularities (all of algebrai…
Coefficients in the expansions of the form $\partial P_{n}(λ;z)}/\partialλ=\sum_{k=0}^{n}a_{nk}(λ)P_{k}(λ;z)$, where $P_{n}(λ;z)$ is the $n$th classical (the generalized Laguerre, Gegenbauer or Jacobi) orthogonal polynomial of variable $z$ and $λ$ is a parameter, are evaluated. A method we adopt in the present paper differs from that used by Fröhlich [Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 2 (1994) 253] for the Jacobi polynomials and by Koepf [Integral Transforms Spec. Funct. 5 (1997) 69] for the generalized Laguerre and the Gegenbauer polynomials.
We analyze the polynomial solutions of a nonlinear integral equation, generalizing the work of C. Bender and E. Ben-Naim. We show that, in some cases, an orthogonal solution exists and we give its general form in terms of kernel polynomials.
We study the orthogonal complement of the Hilbert subspace considered by by van Eijndhoven and Meyers in [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 146 (1990), no. 1, 89--98} and associated to holomorphic Hermite polynomials. A polyanalytic orthonormal basis is given and the explicit expressions of the corresponding reproducing kernel functions and Segal--Bargmann integral transforms are provided.
Strong asymptotic behavior of multi-orthogonal polynomials associated with a queueing model
本研究刻画了用于固定批量服务排队模型转移概率积分表达的I型、II型多重正交多项式的强渐近行为，补充了相关正交多项式的渐近性质结果。
Orthogonal polynomials in two variables on cubic curves are considered, including the case of elliptic curves. For an integral with respect to an appropriate weight function defined on a cubic curve, an explicit basis of orthogonal polynomials is constructed in terms of two families of orthogonal polynomials in one variable. We show that these orthogonal polynomials can be used to approximate functions with cubic and square root singularities, and demonstrate their usage for solving differential equations with singular solutions.
The symmetrized Slater determinants of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a non-negative Borel measure are shown to be represented by constant multiple of Hankel determinants of two other families of polynomials, and they can also be written in terms of Selberg type integrals. Applications include positive determinants of polynomials of several variables and Jensen polynomials and its derivatives for entire functions.
We give an asymptotic upper bound as $n\to\infty$ for the entropy integral $$E_n(w)= -\int p_n^2(x)\log (p_n^2(x))w(x)dx,$$ where $p_n$ is the $n$th degree orthonormal polynomial with respect to a weight $w(x)$ on $[-1,1]$ which belongs to the Szegő class. We also study two functionals closely related to the entropy integral. First, their asymptotic behavior is completely described for weights $w$ in the Bernstein class. Then, as for the entropy, we obtain asymptotic upper bounds for these two functionals when $w(x)$ belongs to the Szegő class. In each case, we give conditions for these upper …
Orthogonal polynomials on quadratic curves in the plane are studied. These include orthogonal polynomials on ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, and two lines. For an integral with respect to an appropriate weight function defined on any quadratic curve, an explicit basis of orthogonal polynomials is constructed in terms of two families of orthogonal polynomials in one variable. Convergence of the Fourier orthogonal expansions is also studied in each case. As an application, we see that the resulting bases can be used to interpolate functions on the real line with singularities of the form $|x|$,…
In the previous paper (J. Combin. Theory Ser. A, 120, 2013, 1263--1284) H. Tagawa and the two authors proposed an algebraic method to compute certain Pfaffians whose form resemble to Hankel determinants associated with moment sequences of the classical orthogonal polynomials. At the end of the paper they offered several conjectures. In this work we employ a completely different method to evaluate this type of Pfaffians. The idea is to apply certain de Bruijn type formula and convert the evaluation of the Pfaffians to the certain Selberg type integrals. This approach works not only for Pfaffian…
Classically, a single weight on an interval of the real line leads to moments, orthogonal polynomials and tridiagonal matrices. Appropriately deforming this weight with times t=(t_1,t_2,...), leads to the standard Toda lattice and tau-functions, expressed as Hermitian matrix integrals. This paper is concerned with a sequence of t-perturbed weights, rather than one single weight. This sequence leads to moments, polynomials and a (fuller) matrix evolving according to the discrete KP-hierarchy. The associated tau-functions have integral, as well as vertex operator representations. Among the examp…
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