Video instance segmentation is a complex task in which we need to detect, segment, and track each object for any given video. Previous approaches only utilize single-frame features for the detection, segmentation, and tracking of objects and they suffer in the video scenario due to several distinct challenges such as motion blur and drastic appearance change. To eliminate ambiguities introduced by only using single-frame features, we propose a novel comprehensive feature aggregation approach (CompFeat) to refine features at both frame-level and object-level with temporal and spatial context information. The aggregation process is carefully designed with a new attention mechanism which significantly increases the discriminative power of the learned features. We further improve the tracking capability of our model through a siamese design by incorporating both feature similarities and spatial similarities. Experiments conducted on the YouTube-VIS dataset validate the effectiveness of proposed CompFeat. Our code will be available at https://github.com/SHI-Labs/CompFeat-for-Video-Instance-Segmentation.
Semantic segmentation is an important task in computer vision, from which some important usage scenarios are derived, such as autonomous driving, scene parsing, etc. Due to the emphasis on the task of video semantic segmentation, we participated in this competition. In this report, we briefly introduce the solutions of team 'BetterThing' for the ICCV2021 - Video Scene Parsing in the Wild Challenge. Transformer is used as the backbone for extracting video frame features, and the final result is the aggregation of the output of two Transformer models, SWIN and VOLO. This solution achieves 57.3% …
Huazhong University of Science & Technology（华中科技大学）；Horizon Robotics（地平线机器人）
Instance segmentation on point clouds is a fundamental task in 3D scene perception. In this work, we propose a concise clustering-based framework named HAIS, which makes full use of spatial relation of points and point sets. Considering clustering-based methods may result in over-segmentation or under-segmentation, we introduce the hierarchical aggregation to progressively generate instance proposals, i.e., point aggregation for preliminarily clustering points to sets and set aggregation for generating complete instances from sets. Once the complete 3D instances are obtained, a sub-network of …
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Tencent AI Lab（腾讯人工智能实验室）；Sensetime Research（商汤科技研究院）；University of Texas at Arlington（德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校）
To satisfy the stringent requirements on computational resources in the field of real-time semantic segmentation, most approaches focus on the hand-crafted design of light-weight segmentation networks. Recently, Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has been used to search for the optimal building blocks of networks automatically, but the network depth, downsampling strategy, and feature aggregation way are still set in advance by trial and error. In this paper, we propose a joint search framework, called AutoRTNet, to automate the design of these strategies. Specifically, we propose hyper-cells to…
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Tencent（腾讯）
Significant progress has been made in Video Object Segmentation (VOS), the video object tracking task in its finest level. While the VOS task can be naturally decoupled into image semantic segmentation and video object tracking, significantly much more research effort has been made in segmentation than tracking. In this paper, we introduce "tracking-by-detection" into VOS which can coherently integrate segmentation into tracking, by proposing a new temporal aggregation network and a novel dynamic time-evolving template matching mechanism to achieve significantly improved performance. Notably, …
Panoptic segmentation aims to perform instance segmentation for foreground instances and semantic segmentation for background stuff simultaneously. The typical top-down pipeline concentrates on two key issues: 1) how to effectively model the intrinsic interaction between semantic segmentation and instance segmentation, and 2) how to properly handle occlusion for panoptic segmentation. Intuitively, the complementarity between semantic segmentation and instance segmentation can be leveraged to improve the performance. Besides, we notice that using detection/mask scores is insufficient for resolv…
Transformer-based models have been widely demonstrated to be successful in computer vision tasks by modelling long-range dependencies and capturing global representations. However, they are often dominated by features of large patterns leading to the loss of local details (e.g., boundaries and small objects), which are critical in medical image segmentation. To alleviate this problem, we propose a Dual-Aggregation Transformer Network called DuAT, which is characterized by two innovative designs, namely, the Global-to-Local Spatial Aggregation (GLSA) and Selective Boundary Aggregation (SBA) mod…
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院空天信息创新研究院）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Semantic segmentation of point clouds generates comprehensive understanding of scenes through densely predicting the category for each point. Due to the unicity of receptive field, semantic segmentation of point clouds remains challenging for the expression of multi-receptive field features, which brings about the misclassification of instances with similar spatial structures. In this paper, we propose a graph convolutional network DGFA-Net rooted in dilated graph feature aggregation (DGFA), guided by multi-basis aggregation loss (MALoss) calculated through Pyramid Decoders. To configure multi…
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Zhejiang Lab（之江实验室）；University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学）
Real-time semantic segmentation, which aims to achieve high segmentation accuracy at real-time inference speed, has received substantial attention over the past few years. However, many state-of-the-art real-time semantic segmentation methods tend to sacrifice some spatial details or contextual information for fast inference, thus leading to degradation in segmentation quality. In this paper, we propose a novel Deep Multi-branch Aggregation Network (called DMA-Net) based on the encoder-decoder structure to perform real-time semantic segmentation in street scenes. Specifically, we first adopt R…
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
In this work, we focus on designing a point local aggregation function that yields parameter efficient networks for 3D point cloud semantic segmentation. We explore the idea of using learnable neighbor-to-grid soft assignment in grid-based aggregation functions. Previous methods in literature operate on a predefined geometric grid such as local volume partitions or irregular kernel points. A more general alternative is to allow the network to learn an assignment function that best suits the end task. Since it is learnable, this mapping is allowed to be different per layer instead of being appl…
The recent studies on semantic segmentation are starting to notice the significance of the boundary information, where most approaches see boundaries as the supplement of semantic details. However, simply combing boundaries and the mainstream features cannot ensure a holistic improvement of semantics modeling. In contrast to the previous studies, we exploit boundary as a significant guidance for context aggregation to promote the overall semantic understanding of an image. To this end, we propose a Boundary guided Context Aggregation Network (BCANet), where a Multi-Scale Boundary extractor (MS…
The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；SenseTime Research（商汤科技研究院）；Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学深圳大数据研究院）
Aggregating multi-level feature representation plays a critical role in achieving robust volumetric medical image segmentation, which is important for the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment. Unlike the recent neural architecture search (NAS) methods that typically searched the optimal operators in each network layer, but missed a good strategy to search for feature aggregations, this paper proposes a novel NAS method for 3D medical image segmentation, named UXNet, which searches both the scale-wise feature aggregation strategies as well as the block-wise operators in the encoder-decoder network…
This paper introduces an extremely efficient CNN architecture named DFANet for semantic segmentation under resource constraints. Our proposed network starts from a single lightweight backbone and aggregates discriminative features through sub-network and sub-stage cascade respectively. Based on the multi-scale feature propagation, DFANet substantially reduces the number of parameters, but still obtains sufficient receptive field and enhances the model learning ability, which strikes a balance between the speed and segmentation performance. Experiments on Cityscapes and CamVid datasets demonstr…
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；SenseTime Research（商汤科技研究院）
The way that information propagates in neural networks is of great importance. In this paper, we propose Path Aggregation Network (PANet) aiming at boosting information flow in proposal-based instance segmentation framework. Specifically, we enhance the entire feature hierarchy with accurate localization signals in lower layers by bottom-up path augmentation, which shortens the information path between lower layers and topmost feature. We present adaptive feature pooling, which links feature grid and all feature levels to make useful information in each feature level propagate directly to foll…
RWTH Aachen University（亚琛工业大学）；Google（谷歌）；Technical University Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）
We present 3D-MPA, a method for instance segmentation on 3D point clouds. Given an input point cloud, we propose an object-centric approach where each point votes for its object center. We sample object proposals from the predicted object centers. Then, we learn proposal features from grouped point features that voted for the same object center. A graph convolutional network introduces inter-proposal relations, providing higher-level feature learning in addition to the lower-level point features. Each proposal comprises a semantic label, a set of associated points over which we define a foregr…
In this work, we present a new paradigm, called 4D-StOP, to tackle the task of 4D Panoptic LiDAR Segmentation. 4D-StOP first generates spatio-temporal proposals using voting-based center predictions, where each point in the 4D volume votes for a corresponding center. These tracklet proposals are further aggregated using learned geometric features. The tracklet aggregation method effectively generates a video-level 4D scene representation over the entire space-time volume. This is in contrast to existing end-to-end trainable state-of-the-art approaches which use spatio-temporal embeddings that …
The way features propagate in Fully Convolutional Networks is of momentous importance to capture multi-scale contexts for obtaining precise segmentation masks. This paper proposes a novel series-parallel hybrid paradigm called the Chained Context Aggregation Module (CAM) to diversify feature propagation. CAM gains features of various spatial scales through chain-connected ladder-style information flows and fuses them in a two-stage process, namely pre-fusion and re-fusion. The serial flow continuously increases receptive fields of output neurons and those in parallel encode different region-ba…
Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学）；University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；German Aerospace Center（德国航空航天中心）
Training semantic segmentation models with few annotated samples has great potential in various real-world applications. For the few-shot segmentation task, the main challenge is how to accurately measure the semantic correspondence between the support and query samples with limited training data. To address this problem, we propose to aggregate the learnable covariance matrices with a deformable 4D Transformer to effectively predict the segmentation map. Specifically, in this work, we first devise a novel hard example mining mechanism to learn covariance kernels for the Gaussian process. The …
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）；Imsight Medical Technology, Co., Ltd.（艾迈医疗科技有限公司）；Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）
Accurate segmenting nuclei instances is a crucial step in computer-aided image analysis to extract rich features for cellular estimation and following diagnosis as well as treatment. While it still remains challenging because the wide existence of nuclei clusters, along with the large morphological variances among different organs make nuclei instance segmentation susceptible to over-/under-segmentation. Additionally, the inevitably subjective annotating and mislabeling prevent the network learning from reliable samples and eventually reduce the generalization capability for robustly segmentin…
Comparative Benchmarking of Failure Detection Methods in Medical Image Segmentation: Unveiling the Role of Confidence Aggregation
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)（德国癌症研究中心）；Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University（海德堡大学海德堡医学院）；Helmholtz Imaging（亥姆霍兹成像）；Heidelberg University Hospital（海德堡大学医院）
Peking University（北京大学）；National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University（北京大学国家生物医学成像中心）；Center for Machine Learning Research, Peking University（北京大学机器学习研究中心）
As one of the most challenging and practical segmentation tasks, open-world semantic segmentation requires the model to segment the anomaly regions in the images and incrementally learn to segment out-of-distribution (OOD) objects, especially under a few-shot condition. The current state-of-the-art (SOTA) method, Deep Metric Learning Network (DMLNet), relies on pixel-level metric learning, with which the identification of similar regions having different semantics is difficult. Therefore, we propose a method called region-aware metric learning (RAML), which first separates the regions of the i…
Research into Few-shot Semantic Segmentation (FSS) has attracted great attention, with the goal to segment target objects in a query image given only a few annotated support images of the target class. A key to this challenging task is to fully utilize the information in the support images by exploiting fine-grained correlations between the query and support images. However, most existing approaches either compressed the support information into a few class-wise prototypes, or used partial support information (e.g., only foreground) at the pixel level, causing non-negligible information loss. …
Learning pyramidal feature representations is crucial for recognizing object instances at different scales. Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) is the classic architecture to build a feature pyramid with high-level semantics throughout. However, intrinsic defects in feature extraction and fusion inhibit FPN from further aggregating more discriminative features. In this work, we propose Attention Aggregation based Feature Pyramid Network (A^2-FPN), to improve multi-scale feature learning through attention-guided feature aggregation. In feature extraction, it extracts discriminative features by collec…
ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；Inception Institute of AI（人工智能起源研究所）
Learning semantic segmentation from weakly-labeled (e.g., image tags only) data is challenging since it is hard to infer dense object regions from sparse semantic tags. Despite being broadly studied, most current efforts directly learn from limited semantic annotations carried by individual image or image pairs, and struggle to obtain integral localization maps. Our work alleviates this from a novel perspective, by exploring rich semantic contexts synergistically among abundant weakly-labeled training data for network learning and inference. In particular, we propose regional semantic contrast…
Peking University（北京大学）；SenseTime Research（商汤科技研究院）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）
Depth information has proven to be a useful cue in the semantic segmentation of RGB-D images for providing a geometric counterpart to the RGB representation. Most existing works simply assume that depth measurements are accurate and well-aligned with the RGB pixels and models the problem as a cross-modal feature fusion to obtain better feature representations to achieve more accurate segmentation. This, however, may not lead to satisfactory results as actual depth data are generally noisy, which might worsen the accuracy as the networks go deeper. In this paper, we propose a unified and effici…
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Tencent（腾讯）
The low-level details and high-level semantics are both essential to the semantic segmentation task. However, to speed up the model inference, current approaches almost always sacrifice the low-level details, which leads to a considerable accuracy decrease. We propose to treat these spatial details and categorical semantics separately to achieve high accuracy and high efficiency for realtime semantic segmentation. To this end, we propose an efficient and effective architecture with a good trade-off between speed and accuracy, termed Bilateral Segmentation Network (BiSeNet V2). This architectur…
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre（新加坡-麻省理工学院研究与技术联盟中心）
Exploiting multi-scale features has shown great potential in tackling semantic segmentation problems. The aggregation is commonly done with sum or concatenation (concat) followed by convolutional (conv) layers. However, it fully passes down the high-level context to the following hierarchy without considering their interrelation. In this work, we aim to enable the low-level feature to aggregate the complementary context from adjacent high-level feature maps by a cross-scale pixel-to-region relation operation. We leverage cross-scale context propagation to make the long-range dependency captura…
We propose a new information aggregation method which called Localized Feature Aggregation Module based on the similarity between the feature maps of an encoder and a decoder. The proposed method recovers positional information by emphasizing the similarity between decoder's feature maps with superior semantic information and encoder's feature maps with superior positional information. The proposed method can learn positional information more efficiently than conventional concatenation in the U-net and attention U-net. Additionally, the proposed method also uses localized attention range to re…
Comprehensive Pathological Image Segmentation via Teacher Aggregation for Tumor Microenvironment Analysis
The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学）；Tottori University（鸟取大学）；Biomy Inc.（Biomy公司）；Japanese Red Cross Medical Center（日本红十字会医疗中心）；Kanagawa Cancer Center（神奈川县癌症中心）；Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute（神奈川县癌症中心研究所）；National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center（国立癌症中心探索性肿瘤学研究与临床试验中心）
Recent works on 3D semantic segmentation propose to exploit the synergy between images and point clouds by processing each modality with a dedicated network and projecting learned 2D features onto 3D points. Merging large-scale point clouds and images raises several challenges, such as constructing a mapping between points and pixels, and aggregating features between multiple views. Current methods require mesh reconstruction or specialized sensors to recover occlusions, and use heuristics to select and aggregate available images. In contrast, we propose an end-to-end trainable multi-view aggr…
Inter- and intra-uncertainty based feature aggregation model for semi-supervised histopathology image segmentation
Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；La Trobe University（拉筹伯大学）；CSIRO Data61（联邦科学与工业研究组织数据61部）；University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；Shandong University（山东大学）；Tianjin University（天津大学）
Peking University（北京大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；DeepMotion AI Research（DeepMotion AI研究院）
It has been widely proven that modelling long-range dependencies in fully convolutional networks (FCNs) via global aggregation modules is critical for complex scene understanding tasks such as semantic segmentation and object detection. However, global aggregation is often dominated by features of large patterns and tends to oversmooth regions that contain small patterns (e.g., boundaries and small objects). To resolve this problem, we propose to first use \emph{Global Aggregation} and then \emph{Local Distribution}, which is called GALD, where long-range dependencies are more confidently used…
With the increasing demand of autonomous systems, pixelwise semantic segmentation for visual scene understanding needs to be not only accurate but also efficient for potential real-time applications. In this paper, we propose Context Aggregation Network, a dual branch convolutional neural network, with significantly lower computational costs as compared to the state-of-the-art, while maintaining a competitive prediction accuracy. Building upon the existing dual branch architectures for high-speed semantic segmentation, we design a cheap high resolution branch for effective spatial detailing an…
A large labeled dataset is a key to the success of supervised deep learning, but for medical image segmentation, it is highly challenging to obtain sufficient annotated images for model training. In many scenarios, unannotated images are abundant and easy to acquire. Self-supervised learning (SSL) has shown great potentials in exploiting raw data information and representation learning. In this paper, we propose Hierarchical Self-Supervised Learning (HSSL), a new self-supervised framework that boosts medical image segmentation by making good use of unannotated data. Unlike the current literatu…
OV-COAST: Cost Aggregation with Optimal Transport for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation
Kotak IISc AI-ML Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India（Kotak IISc AI-ML 中心，印度科学学院，班加罗尔，印度）；Robert Bosch Centre for Cyber Physical Systems, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India（罗伯特·博世网络物理系统中心，印度科学学院，班加罗尔，印度）；Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India（航空工程系，印度科学学院，班加罗尔，印度）
Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Lancaster University（兰卡斯特大学）；UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology（英国生态与水文中心）
Semantic segmentation using fine-resolution remotely sensed images plays a critical role in many practical applications, such as urban planning, environmental protection, natural and anthropogenic landscape monitoring, etc. However, the automation of semantic segmentation, i.e., automatic categorization/labeling and segmentation is still a challenging task, particularly for fine-resolution images with huge spatial and spectral complexity. Addressing such a problem represents an exciting research field, which paves the way for scene-level landscape pattern analysis and decision making. In this …
When a deep neural network is trained on data with only image-level labeling, the regions activated in each image tend to identify only a small region of the target object. We propose a method of using videos automatically harvested from the web to identify a larger region of the target object by using temporal information, which is not present in the static image. The temporal variations in a video allow different regions of the target object to be activated. We obtain an activated region in each frame of a video, and then aggregate the regions from successive frames into a single image, usin…
TASeg: Temporal Aggregation Network for LiDAR Semantic Segmentation
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；Fullong Inc.（福隆公司）；School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University（浙江大学软件学院）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）
The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；Noah’s Ark Lab, Huawei Technologies（华为技术诺亚方舟实验室）
Recent semantic segmentation methods exploit encoder-decoder architectures to produce the desired pixel-wise segmentation prediction. The last layer of the decoders is typically a bilinear upsampling procedure to recover the final pixel-wise prediction. We empirically show that this oversimple and data-independent bilinear upsampling may lead to sub-optimal results. In this work, we propose a data-dependent upsampling (DUpsampling) to replace bilinear, which takes advantages of the redundancy in the label space of semantic segmentation and is able to recover the pixel-wise prediction from low-…
Peking University（北京大学）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；University of Surrey（萨里大学）；DeepMotion；SenseTime（商汤科技）
Modelling long-range contextual relationships is critical for pixel-wise prediction tasks such as semantic segmentation. However, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are inherently limited to model such dependencies due to the naive structure in its building modules (\eg, local convolution kernel). While recent global aggregation methods are beneficial for long-range structure information modelling, they would oversmooth and bring noise to the regions containing fine details (\eg,~boundaries and small objects), which are very much cared for the semantic segmentation task. To alleviate this pr…
PBE-UNet: A light weight Progressive Boundary-Enhanced U-Net with Scale-Aware Aggregation for Ultrasound Image Segmentation
Department of Computer Science, Shaoxing University（绍兴大学计算机科学系）；National Frontiers Science Center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization, Northeastern University（工业智能化与系统优化国家级前沿科学中心，东北大学）；College of Computer Science, Chongqing University（重庆大学计算机学院）；School of Computer and Computing Science, Hangzhou City University（杭州市大学计算机与计算科学学院）；ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University（浙江大学ZJU-UIUC研究院）；Information Technology R&D Innovation Center of Peking University（北京大学信息技术研发创新中心）
Yonsei University（延世大学）；Adobe Research（奥多比研究院）；LG Electronics（LG电子）；LG AI Research（LG人工智能研究院）；KAIST（韩国科学技术院）
For online video instance segmentation (VIS), fully utilizing the information from previous frames in an efficient manner is essential for real-time applications. Most previous methods follow a two-stage approach requiring additional computations such as RPN and RoIAlign, and do not fully exploit the available information in the video for all subtasks in VIS. In this paper, we propose a novel single-stage framework for online VIS built based on the grid structured feature representation. The grid-based features allow us to employ fully convolutional networks for real-time processing, and also …
School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学人工智能学院）；Standard and Metrology Research Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited（中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司标准计量研究所）
Uncertainty-aware semantic segmentation of the point clouds includes the predictive uncertainty estimation and the uncertainty-guided model optimization. One key challenge in the task is the efficiency of point-wise predictive distribution establishment. The widely-used MC dropout establishes the distribution by computing the standard deviation of samples using multiple stochastic forward propagations, which is time-consuming for tasks based on point clouds containing massive points. Hence, a framework embedded with NSA-MC dropout, a variant of MC dropout, is proposed to establish distribution…
Few-shot semantic segmentation aims to recognize novel classes with only very few labelled data. This challenging task requires mining of the relevant relationships between the query image and the support images. Previous works have typically regarded it as a pixel-wise classification problem. Therefore, various models have been designed to explore the correlation of pixels between the query image and the support images. However, they focus only on pixel-wise correspondence and ignore the overall correlation of objects. In this paper, we introduce a mask-based classification method for address…
Improving underwater semantic segmentation with underwater image quality attention and muti-scale aggregation attention
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology（江苏科技大学计算机科学与工程学院）；School of Electronic and Informatics Engineering, Jiangsu University（江苏大学电子与信息工程学院）；School of Automation, Southeast University（东南大学自动化学院）
LaSSM: Efficient Semantic-Spatial Query Decoding via Local Aggregation and State Space Models for 3D Instance Segmentation
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（电子工程系，香港理工大学）；School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（机械科学与工程学院，华中科技大学）
Transformers have shown great success in medical image segmentation. However, transformers may exhibit a limited generalization ability due to the underlying single-scale self-attention (SA) mechanism. In this paper, we address this issue by introducing a Multi-scale hiERarchical vIsion Transformer (MERIT) backbone network, which improves the generalizability of the model by computing SA at multiple scales. We also incorporate an attention-based decoder, namely Cascaded Attention Decoding (CASCADE), for further refinement of multi-stage features generated by MERIT. Finally, we introduce an eff…
State-of-the-art models for semantic segmentation are based on adaptations of convolutional networks that had originally been designed for image classification. However, dense prediction and image classification are structurally different. In this work, we develop a new convolutional network module that is specifically designed for dense prediction. The presented module uses dilated convolutions to systematically aggregate multi-scale contextual information without losing resolution. The architecture is based on the fact that dilated convolutions support exponential expansion of the receptive …
