In recent research, it has been shown that non-Hermitian systems exhibit sensitivity to boundaries, and it is caused by the non-Hermitian skin effect. In this work, we construct the non-Bloch band theory in bosonic Bogoliubov--de Gennes (BdG) systems. From our theory, we can calculate the generalized Brillouin zone and the energy spectrum in such systems with open boundary conditions in the thermodynamic limit, and we can thus discuss its non-Hermitian nature, despite Hermiticity of an original Hamiltonian. In fact, we find that the bosonic Kitaev-Majorana chain exhibits rich aspects of the non-Hermitian skin effect, such as instability against infinitesimal perturbations and reentrant behavior, in terms of the non-Bloch band theory. This result indicates that our theory is powerful tool for studying non-Hermitian nature in bosonic BdG systems.
We consider Bogoliubov de Gennes equation on metric graphs. The vertex boundary conditions providing self-adjoint realization of the Bogoliubov de Gennes operator on a metric star graph are derived. Secular equation providing quantization of the energy and the vertex transmission matrix are also obtained. Application of the model for Majorana wire networks is discussed.
We develop a systematic approach for constructing symmetry-based indicators of a topological classification for superconducting systems. The topological invariants constructed in this work form a complete set of symmetry-based indicators that can be computed from knowledge of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian on high-symmetry points in Brillouin zone. After excluding topological invariants corresponding to the phases without boundary signatures, we arrive at natural generalization of symmetry-based indicators [H. C. Po, A. Vishwanath, and H. Watanabe, Nature Comm. 8, 50 (2017)] to Hamiltoni…
The applicability of the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity in Josephson multi-layer structures is analyzed. The quasiclassical approach is compared with the exact theory based on the Bogoliubov - de Gennes equation. The angle and energy resolved (coarse-grain) currents are calculated using both techniques. It is shown that the two approaches agree in $SIS'IS''$ geometries after the coarse-grain averaging. A quantitative discrepancy, which exceeds the quasiclassical accuracy, is observed when three or more interfaces are present. The invalidity of the quasiclassical theory is attribute…
Using the method of noncommutative geometry, we define a topological invariant in disordered bosonic Bogoliubov-de Gennes systems, which possess a unique mathematical property---non-Hermiticity. To demonstrate the validity of the definition, we investigate a disordered artificial spin ice model in two dimensions numerically. In the clean limit, we clarify that the topological index perfectly coincides with the Chern number. We also show that the topological index is robust against disorder. The formula provides the topological index $n_{\rm Ch}=1$ in the magnon Hall regime and $n_{\rm Ch}=0$ i…
It is shown that bound state solutions of the one dimensional Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equation may exist when the Fermi velocity becomes dependent on the space coordinate. The existence of bound states in continuum (BIC) like solutions has also been confirmed both in the normal phase as well as in the super-conducting phase. We also show that a combination of Fermi velocity and gap parameter step-like profiles provides scattering solutions with normal reflection and transmission.
Since the theoretical prediction and experimental observation of the thermal Hall effect of magnons, a variety of novel phenomena that may occur in magnonic systems have been proposed. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the study of topological phases of magnon Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) systems. After giving an overview of the previous works on electronic topological insulators and the thermal Hall effect of magnons, we provide the necessary background for bosonic BdG systems, with a particular emphasis on their non-Hermiticity arising from the diagonalization of the BdG Hamilton…
We propose a fast and efficient approach for solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations in superconductivity, with a numerical matrix-size reduction procedure proposed by Sakurai and Sugiura [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 159, 119 (2003)]. The resultant small-size Hamiltonian contains the information of the original BdG Hamiltonian in a given energy domain. In other words, the present approach leads to a numerical construction of a low-energy effective theory in superconductivity. The combination with the polynomial expansion method allows a self-consistent calculation of the BdG equations. Thr…
The Bernard-LeClair (BL) symmetry classes generalize the ten-fold way classes in the absence of Hermiticity. Within the BL scheme, time-reversal and particle-hole come in two flavors, and "pseudo-Hermiticity" generalizes Hermiticity. We propose that these symmetries are relevant for the topological classification of non-Hermitian single-particle Hamiltonians and Hermitian bosonic Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) models. We show that the spectrum of any Hermitian bosonic BdG Hamiltonian is found by solving for the eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian matrix which belongs to one of the BL classes. We theref…
We study a Majorana zero-energy state bound to a hedgehog-like point defect in a topological superconductor described by a Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG)-Dirac type effective Hamiltonian. We first give an explicit wave function of a Majorana state by solving the BdG equation directly, from which an analytical index can be obtained. Next, by calculating the corresponding topological index, we show a precise equivalence between both indices to confirm the index theorem. Finally, we apply this observation to reexamine the role of another topological invariant, i.e., the Chern number associated with t…
We investigate the quasiparticle density of states in disordered d-wave superconductors. By constructing a quantum map describing the quasiparticle dynamics in such a medium, we explore deviations of the density of states from its universal form ($\propto E$), and show that additional low-energy quasiparticle states exist provided (i) the range of the impurity potential is much larger than the Fermi wavelength [allowing to use recently developed semiclassical methods]; (ii) classical trajectories exist along which the pair-potential changes sign; and (iii) the diffractive scattering length is …
The energy spectrum of bosonic excitations from a condensate is given by the spectrum of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian constructed from a bosonic Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian in general even though the system is essentially Hermitian. In other words, two types of non-Hermiticity can coexist: one from the bosonic BdG nature and the other from the open quantum nature. In this paper, we propose boundary-dependent dynamical instability. We first define the bosonic dissipative BdG Hamiltonian in terms of Green's function in Nambu space and discuss the correct particle-hole symmetry of the c…
Dynamical instability is an inherent feature of bosonic systems described by the Bogoliubov de Geenes (BdG) Hamiltonian. Since it causes the BdG system to collapse, it is generally thought that it should be avoided. Recently, there has been much effort to harness this instability for the benefit of creating a topological amplifier with stable bulk bands but unstable edge modes which can be populated at an exponentially fast rate. We present a theorem for determining the stability of states with energies sufficiently away from zero, in terms of an unconventional commutator between the number co…
We consider a Bogolibov-de Geenes (BdG) Hamiltonian, which is a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with pseudo-Hermiticity, for a system of (pseudo) spin-$1/2$ bosons in a honeycomb lattice under the condition that the population difference between the two spin components, i.e., magnetization, is a constant. Such a system is capable of acting as a topological amplifier, under time-reversal symmetry, with stable bulk bands but unstable edge modes which can be populated at an exponentially fast rate. We quantitatively study the topological properties of this model within the framework of the 38-fold way …
We theoretically investigate Bloch oscillations in a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard chain, with single-particle losses from the odd lattice sites described by the Lindblad equation. For a single particle the time evolution of the state is completely determined by a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian. We analyse the spectral properties of this Hamiltonian for an infinite lattice and link features of the spectrum to observable dynamical effects, such as frequency doubling in breathing modes. We further consider the case of many particles in the mean-field limit leading to complex nonlinear Schröd…
Within the microscopic Bogoliubov--de Gennes (BdG) formalism an exact quantization condition for Andreev bound states of the ferromagnetic-superconducting hybrid systems of box geometry is derived and a semi-classical formula for the density of states is obtained. The semi-classical formula is shown to agree with the exact result, even when the exchange field $h$, is much larger than the superconductor order parameter, provided $h$ is small compared with the Fermi energy.
We propose an efficient numerical algorithm to solve Bogoliubov de Gennes equations self-consistently for inhomogeneous superconducting systems with a reformulated polynomial expansion scheme. This proposed method is applied to typical issues such as a vortex under randomly distributed impurities and a normal conducting junction sandwiched between superconductors. With various technical remarks, we show that its efficiency becomes remarkable in large-scale parallel performance.
