arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2011.13219cs.ROcs.DCcs.LGcs.MAstat.ML
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面向大规模多机器人路径规划的消息感知图注意力网络

Message-Aware Graph Attention Networks for Large-Scale Multi-Robot Path Planning

University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)

Qingbiao Li, Weizhe Lin, Zhe Liu, Amanda Prorok

AI总结:

针对大规模多机器人去中心化路径规划中普通GNN消息聚合无优先级的问题,提出基于类键-查询机制的MAGAT模型,性能接近集中式算法,泛化性强,超大规模场景下成功率较基准提升47%。

摘要:

运输与物流领域正越来越多地依赖自主移动机器人完成乘客或资源的搬运与配送。在大规模系统中,找到去中心化的路径规划与协调方案是实现高效系统性能的关键。近年来,图神经网络(Graph Neural Networks, GNNs)因具备在去中心化多智能体系统中学习通信策略的能力而受到广泛关注。然而,普通GNN依赖简单的消息聚合机制,导致智能体无法对重要信息进行优先级排序。\n为解决这一问题,本文在我们此前将GNN应用于多智能体路径规划的工作基础上进行扩展,引入了一种支持消息依赖注意力的新型机制。我们提出的消息感知图注意力网络(Message-Aware Graph Attention neTwork, MAGAT)基于类键-查询机制,可确定从各相邻机器人接收的消息中特征的相对重要性。\n实验表明,MAGAT的性能可接近耦合式集中式专家算法的水平。此外,消融研究及与多个基准模型的对比显示,我们的注意力机制在不同机器人密度下均十分有效,且在不同通信带宽约束下性能稳定。实验证明,该模型在未见过的问题实例中具备良好的泛化能力,即使在规模比训练实例大100倍的超大规模实例中,其成功率也较基准提升了47%。

英文摘要:

The domains of transport and logistics are increasingly relying on autonomous mobile robots for the handling and distribution of passengers or resources. At large system scales, finding decentralized path planning and coordination solutions is key to efficient system performance. Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become popular due to their ability to learn communication policies in decentralized multi-agent systems. Yet, vanilla GNNs rely on simplistic message aggregation mechanisms that prevent agents from prioritizing important information. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we extend our previous work that utilizes GNNs in multi-agent path planning by incorporating a novel mechanism to allow for message-dependent attention. Our Message-Aware Graph Attention neTwork (MAGAT) is based on a key-query-like mechanism that determines the relative importance of features in the messages received from various neighboring robots. We show that MAGAT is able to achieve a performance close to that of a coupled centralized expert algorithm. Further, ablation studies and comparisons to several benchmark models show that our attention mechanism is very effective across different robot densities and performs stably in different constraints in communication bandwidth. Experiments demonstrate that our model is able to generalize well in previously unseen problem instances, and that it achieves a 47\% improvement over the benchmark success rate, even in very large-scale instances that are $\times$100 larger than the training instances.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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