冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2基因组中的反向重复序列及其进化意义
Inverted repeats in coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 genome and implications in evolution
摘要：
由冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行已造成6，000万人感染，138万人死亡。SARS-CoV-2的基因组分析可以为控制大流行的药物设计和疫苗开发提供见解。基因组中的反向重复序列极大地影响基因组结构的稳定性并调节基因表达。反向重复序列涉及细胞进化和遗传多样性〈动〉性<动>、基因组排列和疾病。在这里，我们研究冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2基因组中的反向重复序列。我们发现SARS-CoV-2基因组中含有丰富的反向重复序列。反向重复序列主要位于Spike蛋白的基因中。这一结果表明刺突蛋白基因经历重组事件，因此，对于快速进化是必不可少的。比较人类和蝙蝠冠状病毒的反向重复序列特征表明，SARS-CoV-2主要与SARS相关冠状病毒SARSSr-CoV/RaTG 13相关。研究还表明，最近的SARS相关冠状病毒，SARS-CoV/RmYN 02，在刺突蛋白基因中有大量的反向重复序列。此外，这项研究表明，在基因组中的反向重复分布可以被认为是基因组签名。本研究强调了反向重复序列在SARS-CoV-2进化中的重要性，并提出了反向重复序列作为基因组分析中的基因组标记。
英文摘要：
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has caused 60 millions of infections and 1.38 millions of fatalities. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 can provide insights on drug design and vaccine development for controlling the pandemic. Inverted repeats in a genome greatly impact the stability of the genome structure and regulate gene expression. Inverted repeats involve cellular evolution and genetic diversity, genome arrangements, and diseases. Here, we investigate the inverted repeats in the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 genome. We found that SARS-CoV-2 genome has an abundance of inverted repeats. The inverted repeats are mainly located in the gene of the Spike protein. This result suggests the Spike protein gene undergoes recombination events, therefore, is essential for fast evolution. Comparison of the inverted repeat signatures in human and bat coronaviruses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is mostly related SARS-related coronavirus, SARSr-CoV/RaTG13. The study also reveals that the recent SARS-related coronavirus, SARSr-CoV/RmYN02, has a high amount of inverted repeats in the spike protein gene. Besides, this study demonstrates that the inverted repeat distribution in a genome can be considered as the genomic signature. This study highlights the significance of inverted repeats in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and presents the inverted repeats as the genomic signature in genome analysis.
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