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arXiv 2011.10845astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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低分辨率地基光谱学的精细大地吸收校正:系外行星和KI发射谱线的O2 A波段的分辨率和径向速度效应

Refined Telluric Absorption Correction for Low-Resolution Ground-Based Spectroscopy: Resolution and Radial Velocity Effects in the O2 A-Band for Exoplanets and K I Emission Lines

Stefan Kimeswenger, Manuel Rainer, Norbert Przybilla, Wolfgang Kausch

摘要:

光谱观测的大地校正要么是通过标准恒星进行的,这些恒星在时间和气团上与科学目标接近,要么是最近越来越重要的理论大地吸收模型。当大地线被分辨时,即在大于约10000的光谱分辨能力下,这两种方法都工作良好,并且足以促进在较低分辨率下的光谱特征的检测。然而,一个有意义的定量分析还需要一个可靠的恢复线强度。在这里,我们显示的夫琅和费A-波段的分子O2的标准大地校正方法失败,在此在较低的光谱分辨率,作为一个例子的一般问题。恢复通量的多普勒频移相关误差可能会出现,在极端情况下可能超过50%,这取决于目标光谱特征的线形。讨论了两个应用程序:在模拟地球大气的反射光中恢复O2波段,这在未来可能会利用轨道星盘和地面超大望远镜来促进;恢复后新星V4332 Sgr中K I线的固有比率,追踪发射区的光学深度,以利用当今的仪器来验证相关性。我们展示了如何通过使用高分辨率大气传输建模来推导校正函数,以补偿依赖于径向速度漂移、光谱分辨率和目标线轮廓函数的误差,这必须针对具体情况进行解决。

英文摘要:

Telluric correction of spectroscopic observations is either performed via standard stars that are observed close in time and airmass along with the science target, or recently growing in importance, by theoretical telluric absorption modeling. Both approaches work fine when the telluric lines are resolved, i.e. at spectral resolving power larger than about 10000, and it is sufficient to facilitate the detection of spectral features at lower resolution. However, a meaningful quantitative analysis requires also a reliable recovery of line strengths. Here, we show for the Fraunhofer A-band of molecular O2 that the standard telluric correction approach fails in this at lower spectral resolutions, as an example for the general problem. Doppler-shift dependent errors of the restored flux may arise, which can amount to more than 50% in extreme cases, depending on the line shapes of the target spectral features. Two applications are discussed: the recovery of the O2-band in the reflected light of an Earth analog atmosphere, as facilitated potentially in the future using an orbiting starshade and a ground-based extremely large telescope; and the recovery of the intrinsic ratio of the K I lines in the post-nova V4332 Sgr tracing the optical depth of the emitting region, to exemplify the relevance using present-day instrumentation. We show how one should derive correction functions for the compensation of the error in dependence of radial velocity shift, spectral resolution and target line-profile function by use of high resolution atmospheric transmission modeling, which has to be solved for the individual case.

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