Bernd Krieg-Brückner, Till Mossakowski, Mihai Codescu
In this chapter we propose Generic Ontology Design Patterns, GODPs, as a methodology for representing and instantiating ontology design patterns in a way that is adaptable, and allows domain experts (and other users) to safely use them without cluttering their ontologies.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
继续探索
We provide a detailed example for modular ontology modeling based on ontology design patterns.
There are many methodologies and techniques for easing the task of ontology building. Here we describe the intersection of two of these: ontology normalisation and fully programmatic ontology development. The first of these describes a standardized organisation for an ontology, with singly inherited self-standing entities, and a number of small taxonomies of refining entities. The former are described and defined in terms of the latter and used to manage the polyhierarchy of the self-standing entities. Fully programmatic development is a technique where an ontology is developed using a domain-…
An Ontology Design Pattern for Role-Dependent Names
本研究提出一种角色依赖名称的本体设计模式，将名称作为角色组成部分建模，解决智能体以不同名称履行不同角色的场景建模问题，该模式由标准智能体角色模式与标准名称模式存根修改合并而成。
Pattern-based, modular ontologies have several beneficial properties that lend themselves to FAIR data practices, especially as it pertains to Interoperability and Reusability. However, developing such ontologies has a high upfront cost, e.g. reusing a pattern is predicated upon being aware of its existence in the first place. Thus, to help overcome these barriers, we have developed MODL: a modular ontology design library. MODL is a curated collection of well-documented ontology design patterns, drawn from a wide variety of interdisciplinary use-cases. In this paper we present MODL as a resour…
In this paper, we present an Ontology Design Pattern for representing situations that recur at regular periods and share some invariant factors, which unify them conceptually: we refer to this set of recurring situations as recurrent situation series. The proposed pattern appears to be foundational, since it can be generalised for modelling the top-level domain-independent concept of recurrence, which is strictly associated with invariance. The pattern reuses other foundational patterns such as Collection, Description and Situation, Classification, Sequence. Indeed, a recurrent situation serie…
Generic Ontology Design Patterns, GODPs, are defined in Generic DOL, an extension of DOL, the Distributed Ontology, Model and Specification Language, and implemented using Heterogeneous Tool Set. Parameters such as classes, properties, individuals, or whole ontologies may be instantiated with arguments in a host ontology. The potential of Generic DOL is illustrated with GODPs for an example from the literature, namely the Role design pattern. We also discuss how larger GODPs may be composed by instantiating smaller GODPs.
This paper describes a new technique, called "knowledge patterns", for helping construct axiom-rich, formal ontologies, based on identifying and explicitly representing recurring patterns of knowledge (theory schemata) in the ontology, and then stating how those patterns map onto domain-specific concepts in the ontology. From a modeling perspective, knowledge patterns provide an important insight into the structure of a formal ontology: rather than viewing a formal ontology simply as a list of terms and axioms, knowledge patterns views it as a collection of abstract, modular theories (the "kno…
Multimedia reasoning, which is suitable for, among others, multimedia content analysis and high-level video scene interpretation, relies on the formal and comprehensive conceptualization of the represented knowledge domain. However, most multimedia ontologies are not exhaustive in terms of role definitions, and do not incorporate complex role inclusions and role interdependencies. In fact, most multimedia ontologies do not have a role box at all, and implement only a basic subset of the available logical constructors. Consequently, their application in multimedia reasoning is limited. To addre…
Generic ontologies were introduced as an extension (Generic DOL) of the Distributed Ontology, Modeling and Specification Language, DOL, with the aim to provide a language for Generic Ontology Design Patterns. In this paper we present a number of new language constructs that increase the expressivity and the generality of Generic DOL, among them sequential and optional parameters, list parameters with recursion, and local sub-patterns. These are illustrated with non-trivial patterns: generic value sets and (nested) qualitatively graded relations, demonstrated as definitional building blocks in …
We define an inference system to capture explanations based on causal statements, using an ontology in the form of an IS-A hierarchy. We first introduce a simple logical language which makes it possible to express that a fact causes another fact and that a fact explains another fact. We present a set of formal inference patterns from causal statements to explanation statements. We introduce an elementary ontology which gives greater expressiveness to the system while staying close to propositional reasoning. We provide an inference system that captures the patterns discussed, firstly in a pure…
World Wide Web (WWW) is the most popular global information sharing and communication system consisting of three standards .i.e., Uniform Resource Identifier (URL), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML). Information is provided in text, image, audio and video formats over the web by using HTML which is considered to be unconventional in defining and formalizing the meaning of the context...
Ontology-Aware Design Patterns for Clinical AI Systems: Translating Reification Theory into Software Architecture
本文提出七种面向本体的设计模式，用于构建抗本体扭曲的临床AI管道，通过理论分析提供设计词汇，涵盖数据验证、信号保留、漂移监控等核心方法。
Competency Questions (CQs) are used in many ontology engineering methodologies to collect requirements and track the completeness and correctness of an ontology being constructed. Although they are frequently suggested by ontology engineering methodologies, the publicly available datasets of CQs and their formalizations in ontology query languages are very scarce. Since first efforts to automate processes utilizing CQs are being made, it is of high importance to provide large and diverse datasets to fuel these solutions. In this paper, we present BigCQ, the biggest dataset of CQ templates with…
Commonsense Ontology Micropatterns
针对 MOMo 缺乏可直接使用的本体设计模式这一问题，本文利用 LLM 的常识知识整理 104 个常见名词模式，构建完全标注且可与 MOMo 配合使用的模块化本体设计库。
Modeling an ontology is a hard and time-consuming task. Although methodologies are useful for ontologists to create good ontologies, they do not help with the task of evaluating the quality of the ontology to be reused. For these reasons, it is imperative to evaluate the quality of the ontology after constructing it or before reusing it. Few studies usually present only a set of criteria and questions, but no guidelines to evaluate the ontology. The effort to evaluate an ontology is very high as there is a huge dependence on the evaluator's expertise to understand the criteria and questions in…
CMOMgen: Complex Multi-Ontology Alignment via Pattern-Guided In-Context Learning
CMOMgen是首个端到端复杂多本体匹配策略，利用模式引导的上下文学习和检索增强生成，在生物医学任务中优于基线，F1分数最低63%，46%映射获最高分。
Surprising Effectiveness of Self-Demonstrations in Enhancing Schema-Ontology Mapping with LLMs
本文提出一种结合神经符号任务分解与模式引导自我演示的方法，用于LLM模式-本体映射，在RODI基准上实现最先进性能，F1提升25个百分点。
Ontology Enabled Hybrid Modeling and Simulation
本研究探究本体对混合建模与仿真的增强作用，区分两类本体解决三维互操作性挑战，结合语义网技术实现双重功能，通过四个案例验证实效，最后分析相关挑战与机遇。
In the knowledge engineering community "ontology" is usually defined in the tradition of Gruber as an "explicit specification of a conceptualization". Several variations of this definition exist. In the paper we argue that (with one notable exception) these definitions are of no explanatory value, because they violate one of the basic rules for good definitions: The defining statement (the definiens) should be clearer than the term that is defined (the definiendum). In the paper we propose a different definition of "ontology" and discuss how it helps to explain various phenomena: the ability o…
An ontological analysis of risk in Basic Formal Ontology
本文基于Basic Formal Ontology开展风险本体论分析，提出风险是BFO:Role的子类，通过实例分析明确风险的充分条件，并指出必要条件留待未来研究。
The Music Note Ontology
提出Music Note Ontology，通过三个本体设计模式分别对乐谱结构、符号音符及其音乐实现进行建模，解决抽象符号特征与音频物理特征间关系的建模与表示问题。
Philosophers frequently struggle with the relation of metaphysics to the everyday world, with its practical value, and with its relation to empirical science. This paper distinguishes several different models of the relation between philosophical ontology and applied (scientific) ontology that have been advanced in the history of philosophy. Adoption of a strong participation model for the philosophical ontologist in science is urged, and requirements and consequences of the participation model are explored. This approach provides both a principled view and justification of the role of the phi…
Ontology in Hybrid Intelligence: a concise literature review
本文综述了Ontology在Hybrid Intelligence中的应用，指出其在提升质量、互操作性和可解释性方面作用显著（70+%系统已应用），但指出文献缺乏对下一代混合智能环境的整体讨论及对自动推理的明确关注。
Wikibase -- which is the software underlying Wikidata -- is a powerful platform for knowledge graph creation and management. However, it has been developed with a crowd-sourced knowledge graph creation scenario in mind, which in particular means that it has not been designed for use case scenarios in which a tightly controlled high-quality schema, in the form of an ontology, is to be imposed, and indeed, independently developed ontologies do not necessarily map seamlessly to the Wikibase approach. In this paper, we provide the key ingredients needed in order to combine traditional ontology mod…
We present Populous, a tool for gathering content with which to populate an ontology. Domain experts need to add content, that is often repetitive in its form, but without having to tackle the underlying ontological representation. Populous presents users with a table based form in which columns are constrained to take values from particular ontologies; the user can select a concept from an ontology via its meaningful label to give a value for a given entity attribute. Populated tables are mapped to patterns that can then be used to automatically generate the ontology's content. Populous's con…
Ontology Revision based on Pre-trained Language Models
本文提出基于预训练语言模型的本体修订方法，通过定义四个评分函数和两种修订算法处理不可满足概念，在19个本体对上验证了有效性。
The Innovation-to-Occupations Ontology: Linking Business Transformation Initiatives to Occupations and Skills
本文提出创新到职业本体及基于嵌入的自动填充方法，将业务转型举措与所需职业和技能相连接，并在十个场景中验证了匹配有效性，为企业和教育机构提供劳动力需求指导。
Once the conceptual overview, in terms of a somewhat informal class diagram, has been designed in the course of engineering an ontology, the process of adding many of the appropriate logical axioms is mostly a routine task. We provide a Protege plugin which supports this task, together with a visual user interface, based on established methods for ontology design pattern modeling.
An Experiment in Retrofitting Competency Questions for Existing Ontologies
针对现有本体缺乏能力问题（CQs）的问题，提出利用生成式AI和大型语言模型直接从本体中提取候选CQs的RETROFIT-CQs方法，并验证了其流程在多个现有本体上的应用。
Knowledge-based economy forces companies in the nation to group together as a cluster in order to maintain their competitiveness in the world market. The cluster development relies on two key success factors which are knowledge sharing and collaboration between the actors in the cluster. Thus, our study tries to propose knowledge management system to support knowledge management activities within the cluster. To achieve the objectives of this study, ontology takes a very important role in knowledge management process in various ways; such as building reusable and faster knowledge-bases, better…
TransBox: EL++-closed Ontology Embedding
本文针对现有OWL本体嵌入忽略复杂概念、难以处理复杂公理推理的问题，提出EL++-封闭本体嵌入和TransBox方法，可表示任意描述逻辑表达式并处理多种关系类型，在多个真实数据集上取得领先性能。
The AnIML Ontology: Enabling Semantic Interoperability for Large-Scale Experimental Data in Interconnected Scientific Labs
本文提出AnIML本体，通过专家在环方法结合LLM需求提取与协同本体工程，实现AnIML与Allotrope数据格式的语义对齐，解决异构实验数据系统的互操作性问题。
Ontology Embedding: A Survey of Methods, Applications and Resources
本文综述了本体嵌入的方法、应用与资源，系统分类分析了超80篇论文，介绍了其在本体工程、机器学习增强和生命科学中的应用，并提出了新库mOWL及未来方向。
The Belief-Desire-Intention Ontology for modelling mental reality and agency
本文提出了一种形式化的BDI本体，通过模块化设计模式实现信念、愿望、意图及其动态关系，结合LLMs和Semas平台验证其在认知基础和语义可互操作性中的应用。
F -- A Model of Events based on the Foundational Ontology DOLCE+DnS Ultralite
本文提出基于DOLCE+DnS Ultralite的正式事件模型Event-Model-F，以支持事件时空、对象、关系表示及组合与解释，提升分布式事件系统互操作性。
Investigating Language Model Capabilities to Represent and Process Formal Knowledge: A Preliminary Study to Assist Ontology Engineering
本文探究将形式化方法引入小语言模型（SLMs）以提升推理能力，发现用紧凑逻辑语言替代自然语言在推理任务上仍能保持高性能，从而辅助本体工程。
gUFO: A Gentle Foundational Ontology for Semantic Web Knowledge Graphs
gUFO是一种轻量级的统一基础本体实现，适用于语义网OWL 2 DL应用。本文介绍了gUFO的构成类别、关系和约束，讨论其与原始UFO的区别，阐述其社区采用情况，并系统地将其定位在现有OWL基础本体实现中。
The Semantic Web is becoming a large scale framework that enables data to be published, shared, and reused in the form of ontologies. The ontology which is considered as basic building block of semantic web consists of two layers including data and schema layer. With the current exponential development of ontologies in both data size and complexity of schemas, ontology understanding which is playing an important role in different tasks such as ontology engineering, ontology learning, etc., is becoming more difficult. Ontology summarization as a way to distill knowledge from an ontology and gen…
This paper presents Amnestic Forgery, an ontology for metaphor semantics, based on MetaNet, which is inspired by the theory of Conceptual Metaphor. Amnestic Forgery reuses and extends the Framester schema, as an ideal ontology design framework to deal with both semiotic and referential aspects of frames, roles, mappings, and eventually blending. The description of the resource is supplied by a discussion of its applications, with examples taken from metaphor generation, and the referential problems of metaphoric mappings. Both schema and data are available from the Framester SPARQL endpoint.
Semantics, Ontology and Explanation
本文提出“本体展开”的解释概念，通过揭示符号描述所承诺的使真者来解释 UML 等模型的隐藏语义，并阐明其对语义互操作及 AI 解释的意义。
Insights from an OTTR-centric Ontology Engineering Methodology
本文提出以OTTR模板为核心的本体工程方法论，结合自底向上与自顶向下流程，在材料科学领域验证了其在促进领域专家沟通和降低设计决策变更成本方面的价值。
Competency Questions (CQs) are natural language questions outlining and constraining the scope of knowledge represented by an ontology. Despite that CQs are a part of several ontology engineering methodologies, we have observed that the actual publication of CQs for the available ontologies is very limited and even scarcer is the publication of their respective formalisations in terms of, e.g., SPARQL queries. This paper aims to contribute to addressing the engineering shortcomings of using CQs in ontology development, to facilitate wider use of CQs. In order to understand the relation between…
We study the problem of finite ontology mediated query answering (FOMQA), the variant of OMQA where the represented world is assumed to be finite, and thus only finite models of the ontology are considered. We adopt the most typical setting with unions of conjunctive queries and ontologies expressed in description logics (DLs). The study of FOMQA is relevant in settings that are not finitely controllable. This is the case not only for DLs without the finite model property, but also for those allowing transitive role declarations. When transitive roles are allowed, evaluating queries is challen…
Interoperability issues concerning observational data have gained attention in recent times. Automated data integration is important when it comes to the scientific analysis of observational data from different sources. However, it is hampered by various data interoperability issues. We focus exclusively on semantic interoperability issues for observational characteristics. We propose a use-case-driven approach to identify general classes of interoperability issues. In this paper, this is exemplarily done for the use-case of citizen science fireball observations. We derive key concepts for the…
OntoTKGE: Ontology-Enhanced Temporal Knowledge Graph Extrapolation
OntoTKGE通过整合本体与时间知识，提升稀疏实体的外推性能，实验表明其优于现有基线方法。
The Authority Resolution Framework: A Five-Domain Ontology for Governing Who and What Decides, at Scale
本文提出ARF五域本体，将权威关系定义为跨域原语，提供机器可解释的权威表示，支持AI智能体在执行行动前确定权威的来源、范围与有效性，属于AI治理交叉领域的知识表示与推理研究。
ClarifAI: Enhancing AI Interpretability and Transparency through Case-Based Reasoning and Ontology-Driven Approach for Improved Decision-Making
本研究提出ClarifAI方法，结合基于案例的推理与本体驱动方法，为AI驱动应用提供详尽的解释机制，旨在增强AI系统的透明度与可解释性，以支持高风险环境下的关键决策制定。
Uncertainty in Automated Ontology Matching: Lessons Learned from an Empirical Experimentation
本文通过实证实验研究自动化本体匹配中的不确定性，发现全自动方法不可靠，而半监督方法更成熟，为实际应用提供了经验教训。
Rewriting-based approaches for answering queries over an OWL 2 DL ontology have so far been developed mainly for Horn fragments of OWL 2 DL. In this paper, we study the possibilities of answering queries over non-Horn ontologies using datalog rewritings. We prove that this is impossible in general even for very simple ontology languages, and even if PTIME = NP. Furthermore, we present a resolution-based procedure for $\SHI$ ontologies that, in case it terminates, produces a datalog rewriting of the ontology. Our procedure necessarily terminates on DL-Lite_{bool}^H ontologies---an extension of …
WATCHDOG: an ontology-aWare risk AssessmenT approaCH via object-oriented DisruptiOn Graphs
本文提出本体感知的风险评估框架WATCHDOG，结合面向对象破坏图(DOGs)、DOGLog逻辑和DOGLang查询语言，扩展故障树与攻击树模型，使评估者能分析破坏传播、可能性与风险水平，并始终保持对风险对象核心作用的关注。
In this work, we investigate a novel semantic approach for pattern discovery in trajectories that, relying on ontologies, enhances object movement information with event semantics. The approach can be applied to the detection of movement patterns and behaviors whenever the semantics of events occurring along the trajectory is, explicitly or implicitly, available. In particular, we tested it against an exacting case scenario in maritime surveillance, i.e., the discovery of suspicious container transportations. The methodology we have developed entails the formalization of the application domain…
From Ethical Declarations to Provable Independence: An Ontology-Driven Optimal-Transport Framework for Certifiably Fair AI Systems
本文提出一种本体驱动的最优传输框架，通过形式化定义敏感属性并构建西格玛代数，实现与敏感信息真正独立的公平表示，确保AI系统可证明的公平性。
This paper presents a novel SHOI tableau calculus which incorporates algebraic reasoning for deciding ontology consistency. Numerical restrictions imposed by nominals, existential and universal restrictions are encoded into a set of linear inequalities. Column generation and branch-and-price algorithms are used to solve these inequalities. Our preliminary experiments indicate that this calculus performs better on SHOI ontologies than standard tableau methods.
A Task-Centric Ontology and Deterministic Domain Rules as a Verifiable Core for AI-Assisted Chemistry Problem Solving
本文提出ChemOntoRule，以任务为中心构建本体与确定性规则，在300道中学化学题上取得98.67%的匹配准确率，为AI辅助化学问题求解提供可验证的符号核心。
There is a relatively small amount of research covering urban freight movements. Most research dealing with the subject of urban mobility focuses on passenger vehicles, not commercial vehicles hauling freight. However, in many ways, urban freight transport contributes to congestion, air pollution, noise, accident and more fuel consumption which raises logistic costs, and hence the price of products. The main focus of this paper is to propose a new solution for congestion in order to improve the distribution process of goods in urban areas and optimize transportation cost, time of delivery, fue…
Ontologies form the basic interest in various computer science disciplines such as semantic web, information retrieval, database design, etc. They aim at providing a formal, explicit and shared conceptualization and understanding of common domains between different communities. In addition, they allow for concepts and their constraints of a specific domain to be explicitly defined. However, the distributed nature of ontology development and the differences in viewpoints of the ontology engineers have resulted in the so called "semantic heterogeneity" between ontologies. Semantic heterogeneity …
We propose a set of compositional design patterns to describe a large variety of systems that combine statistical techniques from machine learning with symbolic techniques from knowledge representation. As in other areas of computer science (knowledge engineering, software engineering, ontology engineering, process mining and others), such design patterns help to systematize the literature, clarify which combinations of techniques serve which purposes, and encourage re-use of software components. We have validated our set of compositional design patterns against a large body of recent literatu…
Tractable Diversity: Scalable Multiperspective Ontology Management via Standpoint EL
本文提出 Standpoint EL，一种 EL 的多模态扩展，用于集成表示多视角领域知识，并证明其保持 PTime 可推理性，而额外特性会导致不可处理。
Ontologies comprising of concepts, their attributes, and relationships are used in many knowledge based AI systems. While there have been efforts towards populating domain specific ontologies, we examine the role of document structure in learning ontological relationships between concepts in any document corpus. Inspired by ideas from hypernym discovery and explainability, our method performs about 15 points more accurate than a stand-alone R-GCN model for this task.
Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs) have become an established and recognised practice for guaranteeing good quality ontology engineering. There are several ODP repositories where ODPs are shared as well as ontology design methodologies recommending their reuse. Performing rigorous testing is recommended as well for supporting ontology maintenance and validating the resulting resource against its motivating requirements. Nevertheless, it is less than straightforward to find guidelines on how to apply such methodologies for developing domain-specific knowledge graphs. ArCo is the knowledge graph of…
扫码添加微信好友，提出您的宝贵建议 👇
💡 备注请填写：网站反馈
发表机构由 AI 从论文文本抽取，如发现错误，欢迎反馈修正建议。