The propagation and transformation of light beam on curved surface

光在直光纤和弯曲光纤中的接收和传播的计算研究

Computational studies of light acceptance and propagation in straight and curved optical fibres

本文用蒙特卡罗模拟方法模拟了光线光学在圆柱形光纤中的跟踪。计算了有源光纤中斜光线和经向光线的捕获效率以及所有捕获光线的特征量分布。该模拟为弯曲纤维提供了新的结果，其中解析表达式太复杂而无法求解。由于光纤的急剧弯曲的光损耗作为一个函数的曲率比光纤半径和弯曲角。结果表明，当曲率半径曲率半径与纤维半径之比大于65时，损耗小于10%，且损耗发生在弯曲的初始阶段（弯曲角φ约为π/8 rad）。

Reflection and transmission of light at a curved interface: coherent state approach

Phase-space procedure based on coherent state representation is proposed for investigation of reflection and transmission of light beams at a curved dielectric boundary. Numerical simulations of reflection and transmission of light at various boundaries separating two different dielectrics are carried out. Significant influence of wave-front curvature and polarization of incident beam on the reflectance and transmittance is shown.

"Classical" coherent state generated by curved surface

Analogous coherent states are deduced from classical optical fields on curved surface in this paper. The Gaussian laser beam, as a fundamental mode, cannot be adequately simulated by coherent states due to their inherent diffraction in flat space. But things will be different when it propagates on a surface with uniform curvature called the constant Gaussian curvature surface (CGCS). By generalizing the method of Feynman path integral, an equivalent coherent states solution is demonstrated here to describe the beam propagation. The temporal evolution of the Schrodinger equation is analogously …

Curved beam generation and its experimental realization by rectangular prism with asymmetric polynomial back surface

With the discovery of self-accelerating beams, possibility of obtaining curved light beams in free space has been realized. These special beams paved the way for many new applications as well as the exploration of novel beam types. Recently, great research effort has been conducted to realize different types of curved beams such as photonic hook and airy beam. These curved types of beams are obtained by introducing structural asymmetry or applying non-uniform dielectric distribution to the input and output face of the structure. With this regard, we propose specially designed asymmetric struct…

Discrete diffraction and shape-invariant beams in optical waveguide arrays

General properties of linear propagation of discretized light in homogeneous and curved waveguide arrays are comprehensively investigated and compared to those of paraxial diffraction in continuous media. In particular, general laws describing beam spreading, beam decay and discrete far-field patterns in homogeneous arrays are derived using the method of moments and the steepest descend method. In curved arrays, the method of moments is extended to describe evolution of global beam parameters. A family of beams which propagate in curved arrays maintaining their functional shape -referred to as…

Curved plasma channels: Kerr lens and Airy prism

We analytically calculate the transverse energy fluxes that would be respectively induced in high-power Airy beams by the Kerr self-focusing and the Airy profile itself if they were the only active process. In experimental condition representative of laser filamentation experiments of high-power ultrashort laser pulses in air and condensed media, the Kerr lens induces transverse energy fluxes much larger than the Airy "prism" at the main peak. As a consequence, the curved plasma channels in Airy beams are not only a plasma spark on a curved focus, but indeed self-guided filaments, and their cu…

Curved trajectories on transformed metal surfaces: Luneburg lens, beam-splitter, invisibility carpet and black hole for surface plasmon polaritons

Transformational optics are shown to markedly enhance the control of the electromagnetic wave trajectories within metamaterials with unconventional functionalities such as a beam splitter, a toroidal carpet, a Luneburg lens and a black hole, all of which are specially designed for surface plasmon polaritons propagating on a metal plate

The hollow Gaussian beam propagation on curved surface based on matrix optics method

In this paper, ABCD matrix is introduced to study the paraxial transmission of light on a constant gaussian curvature surface (CGCS), which is the first time to our knowledge. It is also proved that the curved surface can be used as the implementation of fractional Fourier transform, we further generalize that we can obtain the transfer matrix of an arbitrary surface with gently varying curvature by matrix optics. As a beam propagation example, based on the Collins integral, an analytical propagation formula for the hollow Gaussian beams (HGBs) on the CGCS is derived. The propagation character…

Rectification of light refraction in curved waveguide arrays

An 'optical ratchet' for discretized light in photonic lattices, which enables to observe rectification of light refraction at any input beam conditions, is theoretically presented, and a possible experimental implementation based on periodically-curved zigzag waveguide arrays is proposed.

Surface polaritons of a left-handed curved slab

We study the propagation of surface polaritons in a left-handed curved slab, i.e. a curved slab made of a negative-refractive-index material. We consider the effects of the slab curvature on their dispersion relations and attenuations. We show more particularly that surface polaritons with a "left-handed behavior" (i.e. with opposite group and phase velocities) propagate without any attenuation.

Optical Vortex Beam Propagation in Turbulent Atmosphere

Propagation of optical vortex beamlet (OVB) in turbulent atmospheric environment is studied theoretically by normalized models. Our simulation shows that optical vortex beamlet is superior to traditional Gaussian beam in terms of diffraction behavior of long haul propagation. Formation of vortex beam let is experimentally demonstrated by using a spatial light modulator (SLM), which achieve a power efficiency of more than 90% when the intrinsic loss in SLM is excluded.

Properties of the Poynting vector for invariant beams: negative propagation in Weber beams

Negative propagation is an uncommon response produced by the local sign change in Poynting vector components. We present a general Poynting vector expression for all invariant beams with cylindrical symmetry using scalar potentials in order to evaluate the possibility of negative propagation. We analyze the plausibility of negative propagation being independent of mode mixing; we study Weber beams as a particular case. The study of this negative effect allow us to advance in the field of micro manipulation and understanding of optical forces. Applications of these beams are discussed.

Circular symmetric Airy beam with the inverse propagation of the abruptly autofocusing Airy beam

In this letter, we introduce a new class of light beam, the circular symmetric Airy beam (CSAB), which arises from the extensions of the one dimensional (1D) spectrum of Airy beam from rectangular coordinates to cylindrical ones. The CSAB propagates at initial stages with a single central lobe that autofocuses and then defocuses into the multi-rings structure. Then, these multi-rings perform the outward accelerations during the propagation. That means the CSAB has the inverse propagation of the abruptly autofocusing Airy beam. Besides, the propagation features of the circular symmetric Airy vo…

Analysis of ellipsometric data obtained from curved surfaces

This article deals with quantitative error analysis resulting from ellipsometric data obtained from measurement on curved surfaces including the influence of non-collimated beams. Numerical model based on the combination of geometrical and wave optics is restricted to the example of single dielectric layer deposited on the substrate with complex index of refraction. Three methods for averaging measurable ellipsometric data are compared.

Photonic hook plasmons: a new curved surface wave

It ia well-known that surface plasmon wave propagates along a straight line, but this common sense was broken by the artificial curved light - plasmon Airy beam. In this paper we introduce a new class of curved surface plasmon wave - the photonic hook plasmon. It propagates along wavelength scaled curved trajectory with radius less than surface plasmon polariton wavelength, and can exist despite the strong energy dissipation at the metal surface.

空心高斯谢尔模型光束及其传输

Hollow Gaussian Schell-model beam and its propagation

本文提出了一种新的模型--空心高斯谢尔模型光束（HGSMBs）来描述实际的暗空心光束。基于相干性理论，推导出了高强度超导电磁波通过近轴一阶光学系统的解析传输公式。基于推导的公式，给出了空间相干性对光束传输影响的应用实例。结果表明，高GSMBs的空间相干性对光束的传输特性有很大的影响。该模型为分析部分相干暗空心光束的传输特性提供了一种非常方便的方法。

Propagation-invariant beams with quantum pendulum spectra: from Bessel beams to Gaussian beam-beams

We describe a new class of propagation-invariant light beams with Fourier transform given by an eigenfunction of the quantum mechanical pendulum. These beams, whose spectra (restricted to a circle) are doubly-periodic Mathieu functions in azimuth, depend on a field strength parameter. When the parameter is zero, pendulum beams are Bessel beams, and as the parameter approaches infinity, they resemble transversely propagating one-dimensional Gaussian wavepackets (Gaussian beam-beams). Pendulum beams are the eigenfunctions of an operator which interpolates between the squared angular momentum ope…

Propagation of Bessel beams from a dielectric to a conducting medium

Recently, the use of Bessel beams in evaluating the possibility of using them for a new generation of GPR (ground penetrating radar) systems has been considered. Therefore, an analysis of the propagation of Bessel beam in conducting media is worthwhile. We present here an analysis of this type. Specifically, for normal incidence we analyze the propagation of a Bessel beam coming from a perfect dielectric and impinging on a conducting medium, i.e. the propagation of a Bessel beam generated by refracted inhomogeneous waves. The remarkable and unexpected result is that the incident Bessel beam do…

Vector Beam Bending

It is well known that the trajectory of a light beam can curve if the medium in which the beam propagates is inhomogeneous or if the local spacetime is curved. In this paper we present a third possibility and show that a properly-prepared optical beam follows a curved trajectory even in free space where the spacetime is locally flat. By casting the problem in terms of transport of optical intensity, we show that a beam comprising a gradient in state of polarization to second order or higher (i.e., a specifically prepared vector beam) must also follow a curved trajectory. The effect is confirme…

Propagation of Bessel and Airy beams through atmospheric turbulence

We investigate, through simulation, the modifications to Bessel and Airy beams during propagation through atmospheric turbulence. We find that atmospheric turbulence disrupts the quasi-non-diffracting nature of Bessel and Airy beams when the transverse coherence length (Fried parameter) nears the initial aperture diameter or diagonal respectively. The turbulence induced transverse phase distortion limits the effectiveness of Bessel and Airy beams for applications requiring propagation over long distances in the turbulent atmosphere.

A short note on the propagation of a Bessel beam in conducting media

Recently, the use of Bessel beams in evaluating the possibility of using them for a new generation of GPR (ground penetrating radar) systems has been considered. Therefore, an analysis of the propagation of Bessel beam in conducting media is worthwhile. We present here an analysis of this type. Specifically, for normal incidence we analyze the propagation of a Bessel beam coming from a perfect dielectric and impinging on a conducting medium, i.e. the propagation of a Bessel beam generated by refracted inhomogeneous waves. The remarkable and unexpected result is that the incident Bessel beam do…

Propagation of an Airy-Gaussian beam in defected photonic lattices

We investigate numerically that a finite Airy-Gaussian (AiG) beam varies its trajectory and shape in the defected photonic lattices. The propagation properties and beam self-bending are controlled with modulation depth and period of the photonic lattices, positive and negative defects, beam distribution factor and nonlinearity change. For positive defects, the pseudo-period oscillation and localization of the AiG beam may be formed under a certain condition, while the beam is diffused for negative defects. Moreover, the solitons may appear during the propagation process when the self-focusing …

Multiple-beam Propagation in an Anderson Localized Optical Fiber

We investigate the simultaneous propagation of multiple beams in a disordered Anderson localized optical fiber. The profiles of each beam fall off exponentially, enabling multiple channels at high-density. We examine the influence of fiber bends on the movement of the beam positions, which we refer to as drift. We investigate the extent of the drift of localized beams induced by macro-bending and show that it is possible to design Anderson localized optical fibers that can be used for practical beam-multiplexing applications.

用于定制波轨迹的曲面孔径：超越平面孔径限制

Curved Apertures for Customized Wave Trajectories: Beyond Flat Aperture Limitations

针对平面孔径几何约束导致波束轨迹灵活性受限的问题，本文提出曲面孔径波束成形方法，并建立兼容任意形状孔径的波轨迹工程公式，证明其在传播控制、相位约束鲁棒性和功率密度上优于平面孔径。

Beams with propagation-invariant transverse polarization pattern

A wide class of nonuniformly totally polarized beams is introduced that preserve their transverse polarization pattern during paraxial propagation. They are obtained as suitable combinations of Gaussian modes and find applications in polarimetric techniques that use a single input beam for the determination of the Mueller matrix of a homogeneous sample. The class also includes beams that present all possible polarization states across their transverse section (Full-Poincarè beams). An example of such beams and its use in polarimetry is discussed in detail. The requirement of invariance of the …

Underlying conservation and stability laws in nonlinear propagation of axicon-generated Bessel beams

In light filamentation induced by axicon-generated, powerful Bessel beams, the spatial propagation dynamics in the nonlinear medium determines the geometry of the filament channel and hence its potential applications. We show that the observed steady and unsteady Bessel beam propagation regimes can be understood in a unified way from the existence of an attractor and its stability properties. The attractor is identified as the nonlinear unbalanced Bessel beam (NL-UBB) whose inward Hänkel beam amplitude equals the amplitude of the linear Bessel beam that the axicon would generate in linear prop…

Self-healing in scaled propagation invariant beams

We analyze and demonstrate, numerically and experimentally, the self-healing effect in scaled propagation invariant beams, subject to opaque obstructions.We introduce the signal to noise intensity ratio, a semi-analytical figure of merit, explicitly dependent on the features of the beams and the obstructions applied to them. The effect is quantitatively evaluated employing the Root Mean Square deviation and the similarity function.

Deep subwavelength beam propagation in extremely loss-anisotropic metamaterials

Metal-dielectric multilayer metamaterials with extreme loss-anisotropy, in which the longitudinal component of the permittivity tensor has ultra-large imaginary part, are proposed and designed. Diffraction-free deep subwavelength beam propagation and manipulation, due to the nearly flat iso-frequency contour (IFC), is demonstrated in such loss-anisotropic metamaterials. It is also shown that deep subwavelength beam propagation can be realized in practical multilayer structures with large multilayer period, when the nonlocal effect is considered.

The damped oscillating propagation of the compensating self-accelerating beams

We report a new form of compensating accelerating beam generated by amplitude modulation of the symmetric Airy beam (SAB) caustics with an exponential apodization mask. Our numerical study manifests that the compensating beam is with one main-lobe beam structure and can maintain the mean-intensity invariant both in the free space and loss media. Specially, the beam inherits the beamlets structure from the SAB and owns a novel damped oscillating propagation property. We also conduct a comparative study of its propagation property with that of the Airy beam theoretically. And by altering the sig…

光学矢量光束传播中的横向动量交换：理论与实验

Transverse Momentum Exchange in Optical Vector Beam Propagation: Theory and Experiment

本研究提出了矢量光束近轴传播模型，发现与线偏振角梯度成正比的新横向动量项在传播中会转化为经典横向动量导致光束加速，并通过设计偏振分布使光束质心沿抛物线路径运动在实验中验证了该动量交换。

一种用于设计沿传播方向具有可调特性的加速贝塞尔光束的简单算法

A simple algorithm for the design of accelerating Bessel beams with adjustable features along their propagation

本研究提出一种简单方法，设计具备任意轨迹、强度/宽度/轨道角动量可沿传播方向预设调制的自加速无衍射光束，并分别通过近轴实验与非近轴数值模拟验证了方法的有效性。

Position measurement of non-integer OAM beams with structurally invariant propagation

We present a design to generate structurally propagation invariant light beams carrying non-integer orbital angular momentum (OAM) using Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian (HLG) modes. Different from previous techniques, the symmetry axes of our beams are fixed when varying the OAM; this simplifies the calibration technique for beam positional measurement using a quadrant detector. We have also demonstrated analytically and experimentally that both the OAM value and the HLG mode orientation play an important role in the quadrant detector response. The assumption that a quadrant detector is most sensiti…

Cylindrical Beam Propagation Modelling of Perturbed Whispering-Gallery Mode Microcavities

We simulate light propagation in perturbed whispering-gallery mode microcavities using a two-dimensional finite-difference beam prop- agation method in a cylindrical coordinate system. Optical properties of whispering-gallery microcavities perturbed by polystyrene nanobeads are investigated through this formulation. The light perturbation as well as quality factor degradation arising from cavity ellipticity are also studied.

Propagation of Bessel beams in absorbing media: a new generation of GPR devices?

The aim of this paper is the study of the propagation of a Bessel beam through two absorbing layers, limited by two different half-spaces. Our approach will be based on the scalar analysis, since this analysis was proved to be an excellent approximation of the vectorial field which describes a Bessel beam.

Propagation dynamics of vortices in Helico-Conical optical beams

We present the dynamics of optical vortices (OVs) that came from the propagation of helico-conical optical beam. This dynamics is investigated numerically by tracking the OVs at several distances using rigorous scalar diffraction theory. To ensure that our numerical calculations are correct, we compare the intensity profiles and their corresponding interferograms taken at different propagation distances between simulations and experiments. We observe that the peripheral isopolar vortices transport radially inward, toward the optical axis along the transverse spatial space as the beam propagate…

A Highly Adjustable Helical Beam: Design and Propagation Characteristic

Light fields with extraordinary propagation behaviours such as nondiffracting and self-bending are useful in optical delivery for energy, information, and even objects. A kind of helical beams is constructed here based on the caustic method. With appropriate design, the main lobe of these helical beams can be both well-confined and almost nondiffracting while moving along a helix with its radius, period, the number of rotations and main lobes highly adjustable. In addition, the main lobe contains almost half of the optical power and the peak intensity fluctuates below 15% during propagation. T…

Transverse linear and orbital angular momenta of beam waves and propagation in random media

For paraxial propagation of scalar waves the classic electromagnetic theory definition of transverse linear (TLM) and orbital angular (OAM) momenta of the beam wave are represented in terms of the coherence function. We show in examples that neither the presence of optical vortices is necessary for the intrinsic OAM, nor does the presence of optical vortices warrant the non-zero intrinsic OAM. The OAM is analyzed for homogeneously coherent and twisted partially coherent beam waves. A twisted Gaussian beam has an intrinsic OAM with a per-unit power value that can be continuously changed by vary…

奇点跟随主瓣的传输不变涡旋艾里光束

Propagation-invariant vortex Airy beam whose singular point follows its main lobe

本研究提出一种由艾里光束与其横向剪切光束π/2相移叠加而成的新型涡旋艾里光束，其奇点跟随主瓣、传输稳定，轨道角模纯度较传统类型最高提升10%，有望在多领域开辟新应用方向。

Stationary and stable light beam propagation in Kerr media with nonlinear absorption with controllable dissipation patterns

We report on the stationary and robust propagation of light beams with rather arbitrary and controllable intensity and dissipation transverse patterns in self-focusing Kerr media with nonlinear absorption. When nonlinear absorption is due to multi-photon ionization at high beam powers in transparent media such as glasses or air, these beams can generate multiple plasma channels with tailored geometries. Their nature and spatial characteristics are discussed in detail, as well as the laws determining their spontaneous formation from coherent superpositions of Bessel beams of different amplitude…

弯曲时空波包

Bending space-time wave packets

本文提出了一种通过雕刻光脉冲时空谱来生成自加速、对称且沿幂律曲线传播的时空波包，为电磁波目标回避提供了新方法。

On vortex strength and beam propagation factor of fractional vortex beams

Fractional vortex beams (FVBs) with non-integer topological charges attract much attention due to unique features of propagations, but there still exist different viewpoints on the change of their total vortex strength. Here we have experimentally demonstrated the distribution and number of vortices contained in FVBs at Fraunhofer diffraction region. We have verified that the jumps of total vortex strength for FVBs happens only when non-integer topological charge is before and after (but very close to) any even integer number, which originates from two different mechanisms for generation and m…

Propagation of Airy beams with ballistic trajectory passing through the Fourier transformation system

In this work, we present the theoretical and experimental study of the propagation of Airy beams when passing through two convex lenses with different focal distances. The theoretical analysis is presented from a matrix optical model for an Airy beam. The experimental results are obtained in a holographic setup for experimental generation of Airy beams based on the holographic reconstruction system of computer generated holograms (CGH) implemented electronically in a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a 4f Fourier transformation system. These are in agreement with the theoretical prediction. Th…

Splendeurs et misères de theory of laser beam propagation in nonlinear media

It is demonstrated that current theoretical models utilize equations for description of laser beam propagation in nonlinear media that were deduced under the assumption of homogeneity of dielectric constant of the media and for the case of planar wave front. Here, we deduce complete wave propagation equation that includes inhomogeneity of the dielectric constant and present this propagation equation in compact vector form. Although similar equations are known in the narrow fields, such as, radio wave propagation in ionosphere and electro-magnetic and acoustic wave propagation in stratified med…

贝塞尔光束传输：能量局域化和速度

Bessel beam propagation: Energy localization and velocity

本文用矢量法分析了贝塞尔光束（或贝塞尔X波）的传播。电场和磁场是通过考虑能够产生这种标量场的实际情况而获得的。具体地说，我们分析了由于在金属屏幕上的线性偏振平面波冲击的环形孔径的字段。在此基础上，在远场近似下，我们可以得到关于能流的传播和能量的速度的信息。

Optimal vector beams maintaining robust intensity profile on propagation through turbulence

We report experiments on propagation of scalar and vector optical beams through random phase screens mimicking turbulence and show that the intensity profile of the beam containing a C-point polarization singularity shows maximally robust behavior. This observation is explained in terms of the polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) diversity in the beam. The $l = 0$ and $l = 1$ OAM states whose vector combination leads to the C-point singularity are seen to produce complementary speckle intensity patterns with significant negative correlation on propagation through a random phase scre…

湍流中的鲁棒自聚焦传播

Robust autofocusing propagation in turbulence

该研究对比了多种自聚焦光束与高斯光束在湍流复杂环境中的传播特性，证实自聚焦光束在强度波动、相干性、闪烁指数等方面更稳定，为复杂环境下光操控等应用的光束选型提供参考。

用于在大气湍流中实现稳健长距离传输的倒针光束

Inverted pin beams for robust long-range propagation through atmospheric turbulence

本研究提出一类空间分布呈“倒针”形态的新型光束，经渐近分析其近轴横向振幅为贝塞尔函数且传输中宽度渐增，数值实验显示其以闪烁指数衡量的抗大气湍流性能优于多种优化后的常规光束，在中强起伏区优势明显。

Propagation dynamics of radially polarized symmetric Airy beams in the fractional Schrödinger equation

We analyze the propagation dynamics of radially polarized symmetric Airy beams (R-SABs) in a (2+1)-dimensional optical system with fractional diffraction, modeled by the fractional Schrödinger equation (FSE) characterized by the Lévy index. The autofocusing effect featured by such beams becomes stronger, while the focal length becomes shorter, with the increase of . The effect of the intrinsic vorticity on the autofocusing dynamics of the beams is considered too. Then, the ability of R-SABs to capture nano-particles by means of radiation forces is explored, and multiple capture positions emerg…

Anisotropic diffraction induced by orbital angular momentum during propagations of optical beams

It is demonstrated that the orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by the elliptic beam without the phase-singularity can induce the anisotropic diffraction (AD). The quantitative relation between the OAM and its induced AD is analytically obtained by a comparison of two different kinds of (1+2)-dimensional beam propagations: the linear propagations of the elliptic beam without the OAM in an anisotropic medium and that with the OAM in an isotropic one. In the former case, the optical beam evolves as the fundamental mode of the eigenmodes when its ellipticity is the square root of the anisotrop…

Generation and propagation characterization of a vortex beam through an electro-optical crystal-based electrically controlled flat plate

With the increasing demand for potential applications in almost all fields in modern optics, the generation of vortex beams has attracted significant interest. Based on a flat plate made of electro-optical crystals, we propose an electrically controlling method to generate vortex beams assisted by the Pockels effect. Compared with traditional methods, our method allows flexibly tuning the wavelength and topological charge of the generated optical vortex beams. We simulate the propagation of optical beams transmitted from the flat plate and investigate the orbital-angular-momentum(OAM)-mode spe…

Shaping caustics into propagation-invariant light

Structured light has revolutionized optical particle manipulation and nano-scale material processing. In particular, propagation-invariant structured light fields, such as Bessel beams, have enabled applications that require robust intensity distributions. Their self-healing nature facilitates imaging with enhanced resolution e.g. in light-sheet microscopy. The prominent high-intensity features of propagation-invariant fields such as Airy, Bessel, and Mathieu beams can be understood in terms of caustics. While these beams have found many applications in material processing and trapping, these …

Self-Fourier transform and self-Fourier beams due to parabolic potential

We investigate the propagation of light beams including Hermite-Gauss, Bessel-Gauss and finite energy Airy beams in a linear medium with parabolic potential. Expectedly, the beams undergo oscillation during propagation, but quite unexpectedly they also perform automatic Fourier transform, that is, periodic change from the beam to its Fourier transform and back. The oscillating period of parity-asymmetric beams is twice that of the parity-symmetric beams. In addition to oscillation, the finite-energy Airy beams exhibit periodic inversion during propagation. Based on the propagation in parabolic…

The propagation of a polarized Gaussian beam in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium

We present a description of the evolution of a polarized Gaussian beam in a smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium in frame of the eikonal-based complex geometrical optics which describes the phase front and the cross section of the Gaussian beam using the quadratic expansion of the complex-valued eikonal. The linear complex-valued eikonal components are introduced to describe the influence of the spin-orbit interaction and the deformation of a polarized Gaussian beam on the propagation firstly in this paper. In an inhomogeneous medium, the interaction between the polarization and the rotatio…

Reciprocity breaking during nonlinear propagation of adapted beams through random media

Adaptive optics (AO) systems rely on the principle of reciprocity, or symmetry with respect to the interchange of point sources and receivers. These systems use the light received from a low power emitter on or near a target to compensate profile aberrations acquired by a laser beam during linear propagation through random media. If, however, the laser beam propagates nonlinearly, reciprocity is broken, potentially undermining AO correction. Here we examine the consequences of this breakdown. While discussed for general random and nonlinear media, we consider specific examples of Kerr-nonlinea…