液氦中直流电击穿研究：基于经验击穿场分布的分析
A study of DC electrical breakdown in liquid helium through analysis of the empirical breakdown field distributions
AI总结：
本研究通过分析液氦中不锈钢电极的击穿场分布，提出数据驱动的表面积缩放方法，揭示击穿与阴极场发射相关，并可推广至其他惰性液体。
摘要：
我们报告了使用近均匀场不锈钢电极（应力面积约为0.725 cm²）对液氦中电击穿进行研究的结果。在1.7 K至4.0 K的温度范围、饱和蒸气压至626 Torr的压力范围以及不同表面抛光度的电极条件下，获得了击穿场的分布。提出了一种基于数据的方法来确定击穿场的电极表面积缩放关系。利用从击穿场分布数据中提取的击穿概率对场强的依赖性，表明击穿是一种表面现象，与阴极粗糙点上的福勒-诺德海姆场发射密切相关。我们表明，该分析的结果为所谓的电极间隙尺寸效应提供了解释，并且还可以确定任意形状电极的击穿场分布。最重要的是，本工作中提出的分析方法可以扩展到其他惰性液体，以探索这些介质中电击穿的依赖性。
英文摘要：
We report results from a study on electrical breakdown in liquid helium using near-uniform-field stainless steel electrodes with a stressed area of $\sim$0.725 cm$^2$. The distribution of the breakdown field is obtained for temperatures between 1.7 K and 4.0 K, pressures between the saturated vapor pressure and 626 Torr, and with electrodes of different surface polishes. A data-based approach for determining the electrode-surface-area scaling of the breakdown field is presented. The dependence of the breakdown probability on the field strength as extracted from the breakdown field distribution data is used to show that breakdown is a surface phenomenon closely correlated with Fowler-Nordheim field emission from asperities on the cathode. We show that the results from this analysis provides an explanation for the supposed electrode gap-size effect and also allows for a determination of the breakdown-field distribution for arbitrary shaped electrodes. Most importantly, the analysis method presented in this work can be extended to other noble liquids to explore the dependencies for electrical breakdown in those media.
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