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arXiv 2011.08736cond-mat.quant-gas
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玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中微正则原子数涨落的观测

Observation of Microcanonical Atom Number Fluctuations in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

M. B. Christensen, T. Vibel, A. J. Hilliard, M. B. Kruk, K. Pawłowski, D. Hryniuk, K. Rzążewski, M. A. Kristensen, J. J. Arlt

备注：
6 pages, 4 figures
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 153601 (2021)
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摘要：

量子系统的典型特征是其物理可观测量的固有波动。尽管有这种基本的重要性，在有限温度下相互作用的量子系统的波动的调查继续提出相当大的理论和实验挑战。本文报道了弱相互作用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中原子数涨落的特征。通过非破坏性检测和冷却顺序的主动稳定相结合来减轻技术波动。我们观察到的波动减少\SI{27}{\percent}低于规范的期望为非相互作用的气体，揭示了我们的系统的微正则性质。在热力学极限之外的实验可达的过渡区中，峰值波动与原子数$ΔN_{0,\mathrm{p}}^2 \propto N^{1.134}$具有近线性标度。因此，我们的实验结果为在典型的实验条件下的理论计算设定了基准。

英文摘要：

Quantum systems are typically characterized by the inherent fluctuation of their physical observables. Despite this fundamental importance, the investigation of the fluctuations in interacting quantum systems at finite temperature continues to pose considerable theoretical and experimental challenges. Here we report the characterization of atom number fluctuations in weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates. Technical fluctuations are mitigated through a combination of non-destructive detection and active stabilization of the cooling sequence. We observe fluctuations reduced by \SI{27}{\percent} below the canonical expectation for a non-interacting gas, revealing the microcanonical nature of our system. The peak fluctuations have near linear scaling with atom number $ΔN_{0,\mathrm{p}}^2 \propto N^{1.134}$ in an experimentally accessible transition region outside the thermodynamic limit. Our experimental results thus set a benchmark for theoretical calculations under typical experimental conditions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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