双原子自由基次甲基(CH)是星际介质的重要示踪剂,对它的研究对我们最早了解恒星形成至关重要。虽然在电磁波谱中可以检测到它,但在射频上的观测允许对新恒星形成区域中弥漫和致密气体的运动学进行研究。只有两个已发表的(单碟)检测到700和725 MHz之间的低频超精细跃迁,尽管精确的频率是已知的。这些低频跃迁特别令人感兴趣,因为它们在实验室实验中显示出比它们的高频对应物(具有更明显的塞曼分裂)对磁场更敏感。在这项工作中,我们利用无线电安静的环境,并增加了分辨率的澳大利亚平方公里阵列探路者(ASKAP)在以前的搜索,使试点干涉搜索CH在724.7883 MHz(最强的超精细过渡)在RCW 38。我们发现该波段没有射频干扰,但我们没有检测到从该跃迁到5 σ灵敏度极限0.09 Jy的信号,该极限对应于发射的总柱密度上限为1.9 × 10^18 cm ^-2,吸收的总柱密度上限为1.3 × 10^14 cm ^-2,光学深度极限为0.95。在积分5小时内实现,如果RCW 38具有与W51中先前报告的唯一检测结果相似的特性,则该色谱柱密度灵敏度应足以检测RCW 38中的发射或吸收。
英文摘要:
The diatomic free radical methylidyne (CH) is an important tracer of the interstellar medium and the study of it was critical to our earliest understanding of star formation. Although it is detectable across the electromagnetic spectrum, observations at radio frequencies allow for a study of the kinematics of the diffuse and dense gas in regions of new star formation. There are only two published (single-dish) detections of the low-frequency hyperfine transitions between 700 and 725 MHz, despite the precise frequencies being known. These low-frequency transitions are of particular interest as they are shown in laboratory experiments to be more sensitive to magnetic fields than their high-frequency counterparts (with more pronounced Zeeman splitting). In this work we take advantage of the radio quiet environment and increased resolution of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) over previous searches to make a pilot interferometric search for CH at 724.7883 MHz (the strongest of the hyperfine transitions) in RCW 38. We found the band is clean of radio frequency interference, but we did not detect the signal from this transition to a five sigma sensitivity limit of 0.09 Jy, which corresponds to a total column density upper limit of 1.9x10^18cm^-2 for emission and 1.3x10^14cm^-2 for absorption with an optical depth limit of 0.95. Achieved within 5 hrs of integration, this column density sensitivity should have been adequate to detect the emission or absorption in RCW 38, if it had similar properties to the only previous reported detections in W51.
VLA cm-wave survey of young stellar objects in the Oph A cluster: constraining extreme UV- and X-ray-driven disk photo-evaporation -- A pathfinder for Square Kilometre Array studies
Powerful Radio Sources in the Southern Sky. IV. Observations of the G4Jy-3CRE Catalog with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
The University of Texas, Río Grande Valley(德克萨斯大学里奥格兰德河谷分校);National Science Foundation(国家科学基金会);Università degli Studi di Torino(都灵大学);INFN-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino(意大利国家核物理研究所都灵分部);INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino(意大利国家天体物理研究所都灵天文台);Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale(大学间空间物理联盟);South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO)(南非天文台);Naval Research Laboratory(海军研究实验室);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈帕托莱斯大学)
Constraining the reionization history using deep learning from 21cm tomography with the Square Kilometre Array
SKA 1-LOW望远镜即将进行的21厘米巡天将使早期宇宙中宇宙尺度上的中性氢分布成像成为可能。这些调查预计将产生巨大的成像数据集,将编码比功率谱更多的信息。这提供了另一种独特的方式来约束再电离历史,这可能会打破功率谱分析中的简并性。使用卷积神经网络(CNN),我们从我们的大型半数值模拟产生的21 cm图中创建了一个中性分数的快速估计器。我们的估计是能够有效地恢复中性分数($x_{\rm HI}$)在几个红移的高精度为99\%的决定系数$R^{2}$量化。从SKA设计中加入仪器效应稍微增加了损失函数,但尽管如此,我们仍然能够以98%的类似高精度恢复中性分数,这仅减少1%.While弱依赖于红移被观察到,随着中性分数的减少,精度迅速增加。这是由于仪器噪声在宇宙高度中性的情况下向高红移方向增加。我们的研究结果表明,直接使用21厘米层析成像的承诺,以约束再电离的历史模型独立的方式,补充类似的努力,如从宇宙微波背景(CMB)观测的光学深度测量{ \it普朗克}。
Trinity College Dublin(都柏林三一学院);Royal Holloway, University of London(伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院);University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学);Curtin University(科廷大学);Université d’Orléans(奥尔良大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);Institute of Space Sciences (CSIC-ICE)(空间科学研究所(CSIC-ICE));Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究研究所(IEEC));ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy(荷兰射电天文研究所);National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台)
Probing Anomalous Microwave Emission with the Square Kilometre Array
University of Santiago of Chile(智利圣地亚哥大学);The University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学);Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute(韩国天文学与空间科学研究所);University of Science and Technology(科学技术大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);University of Wisconsin-Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校);National Sun Yat-Sen University(国立中山大学);National Taiwan Normal University(国立台湾师范大学);Imperial College London(伦敦帝国学院);Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier(图卢兹第三大学-保罗·萨巴蒂埃大学);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学)
Citizen Science Research with the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO)
UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai(孟买大学基础科学卓越中心);Centre for Excellence in Theoretical and Computational Science, University of Mumbai(孟买大学理论与计算科学卓越中心);Astrophysics Division, National Centre for Nuclear Research(国家核研究中心天体物理部);School of Physical Sciences, The Open University(开放大学物理科学学院);Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Midnapore City College(金德尔布尔城市学院纯科学与应用科学系);Space Radio-Diagnostics Research Centre, University of Warmia and Mazury(瓦尔米亚和马祖里大学空间无线电诊断研究中心);Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University(雅盖隆大学天文台);Center for Astrophysics, Gravitation and Cosmology, Shri Ramasamy Memorial (SRM) University Sikkim(锡金斯里·拉玛萨米纪念大学天体物理、引力和宇宙学中心);Department of Physics, Shri Ramasamy Memorial (SRM) University Sikkim(锡金斯里·拉玛萨米纪念大学物理系)