Magnetic Field Line Random Walk and Solar Energetic Particle Path Lengths: Stochastic Theory and PSP/ISoIS Observation
R. Chhiber, W. H. Matthaeus, C. M. S. Cohen, D. Ruffolo, W. Sonsrettee, P. Tooprakai, A. Seripienlert, P. Chuychai, A. V. Usmanov, M. L. Goldstein, D. J. McComa… 展开作者
R. Chhiber, W. H. Matthaeus, C. M. S. Cohen, D. Ruffolo, W. Sonsrettee, P. Tooprakai, A. Seripienlert, P. Chuychai, A. V. Usmanov, M. L. Goldstein, D. J. McComas, R. A. Leske, E. R. Christian, R. A. Mewaldt, A. W. Labrador, J. R. Szalay, C. J. Joyce, J. Giacalone, N. A. Schwadron, D. G. Mitchell, M. E. Hill, M. E. Wiedenbeck, R. L. McNutt, M. I. Desai
Context:In 2020 May-June, six solar energetic ion events were observed by the Parker Solar Probe/ISoIS instrument suite at 0.35 AU from the Sun. From standard velocity-dispersion analysis, the apparent ion path length is 0.625 AU at the onset of each event. Aims:We develop a formalism for estimating the path length of random-walking magnetic field lines, to explain why the apparent ion pathlength at event onset greatly exceeds the radial distance from the Sun for these events. Methods:We developed analytical estimates of the average increase in pathlength of random-walking magnetic field lines, relative to the unperturbed mean field. Monte Carlo simulations of fieldline and particle trajectories in a model of solar wind turbulence are used to validate the formalism and study the path lengths of particle guiding-center and full-orbital trajectories. The formalism is implemented in a global solar wind model, and results are compared with ion pathlengths inferred from ISoIS observations. Results:Both a simple estimate and a rigorous theoretical formulation are obtained for fieldlines' pathlength increase as a function of pathlength along the large-scale field. From simulated fieldline and particle trajectories, we find that particle guiding centers can have pathlengths somewhat shorter than the average fieldline pathlength, while particle orbits can have substantially larger pathlengths due to their gyromotion with a nonzero effective pitch angle. Conclusions:The long apparent path length during these solar energetic ion events can be explained by 1) a magnetic field line path length increase due to the field line random walk, and 2) particle transport about the guiding center with a nonzero effective pitch angle. Our formalism for computing the magnetic field line path length, accounting for turbulent fluctuations, may be useful for application to solar particle transport in general.
Parker Solar Probe observations of solar energetic particle (SEP) events with inverse velocity arrival (IVA) features
California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校空间科学实验室);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)
Evidence of Time-Dependent Diffusive Shock Acceleration in the 2022 September 5 Solar Energetic Particle Event
University of Michigan(密歇根大学);Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学月球与行星实验室);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);Los Alamos National Laboratory(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室);Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所)
Observations of the 2019 April 4 Solar Energetic Particle Event at the Parker Solar Probe
2019年4月4日,帕克太阳探测器(PSP)上的太阳综合科学调查(ISOIS)仪器套件探测到了一个太阳高能粒子事件,当时航天器位于0.17 au内,距离第二个近日点不到1天,这为研究太阳粒子加速和前所未有的接近源的传输提供了机会。这一事件非常小,峰值1 MeV的质子强度约为0.3个粒子(cm^2 sr s MeV)^-1,在能量超过10 MeV或粒子探测器在1 au的背景水平上都无法探测到。它具有强烈的各向异性,从太阳向外流动的强度比在整个事件中持续向内流动的强度大30倍。由日地关系天文台观测到的极紫外线中粒子增加和小亮度浪涌之间的时间关联,也伴随着PSP电磁场调查所看到的III型无线电发射,表明这一事件的来源是一个活跃地区,位于标称PSP磁足点以东近80度。这表明磁力线在光球层的活动区和日冕之间的一个很宽的纵向范围内扩展。
Connecting Solar Orbiter remote-sensing observations and Parker Solar Probe in-situ measurements with a numerical MHD reconstruction of the Parker spiral
Tracking a beam of electrons from the low solar corona into interplanetary space with the Low Frequency Array, Parker Solar Probe and 1 au spacecraft
III型射电暴是温和相对论性电子束从低日冕传播到日光层的等离子体发射的结果,如果它们与日光层航天器的位置对齐,最终可以在原地检测到。在这里,我们观察到一个III型射电爆发从0.1-16兆赫使用帕克太阳探测器(PSP)领域的射频频谱仪(RFS),并从20-80兆赫使用低频阵列(LOFAR)。该事件与任何可检测到的耀斑活动无关,但属于PSP遭遇2期间发生的持续III型噪声风暴的一部分。LOFAR射电源向三维空间的反投影表明,III型射电爆发源位于1.6-3 R $_\odot$的开放磁场上,起源于东经48 $^o$附近的近赤道活动区。结合PSP/RFS观测与风/波和立体声/波,我们重建的第三类射电源轨迹在日光层内部PSP的位置,假设黄道约束。随后在STEREO-A航天器上在兼容的时间原位检测到高能电子增强,尽管开始和持续时间表明单独的爆发有助于增强的一个子集。这项工作表明,日冕中相对小规模的通量出现可以导致电子束从低日冕注入日光层,而不需要强烈的太阳耀斑。这项研究还明确强调了地面和天基无线电观测相结合的互补性,特别是在PSP时代。
Multipoint interplanetary coronal mass ejections observed with Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo, Parker Solar Probe, Wind and STEREO-A
我们报告了从2020年4月至2021年4月的第一个太阳轨道器(SolO)数据开始的行星际日冕物质抛射(ICME)多点原位和成像观测的第一次搜索结果。进行了数据探索分析,包括由SolO、BepiColombo、Parker太阳探测器、Wind和STEREO-A五个航天器结合STEREO-A/SECCHI和SOHO/LASCO的日冕和日光层成像观测进行的磁场和等离子体观测的可视化。我们确定的ICME事件,可以明确地遵循与STEREO-A日光层成像仪在其行星际传播的影响,在上述航天器,并寻找相同的ICME被广泛分离的航天器在原地看到的事件。我们强调两个事件:(1)2020年6月23日,PSP、BepiColombo和Wind在STEREO-A成像引导下,用三重阵容观测到一次小型流光爆发CME;(2)2020年11月29日,PSP和STEREO-A原位观测到第25太阳周的第一次快速CME($ \approx 1600$ km s $^{-1}$)。这些结果对于模拟ICME的磁结构、行星际演化和通量绳与激波的整体形状以及研究太阳高能粒子的传播都是有用的。来自这些飞行任务的综合数据已经成为空间天气研究的宝库,随着预计在太阳活动周期25的上升期和最高期期间ICME事件的数量不断增加,这些数据预计将变得更加宝贵。
Breakout/Interchange Reconnection as a driver of Jets, Fast Coronal Mass Ejection, and Solar Energetic Particles
American University(美国大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Durham University(杜伦大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);The Catholic University of America(天主教大学)
Sunward Streaming 3He-rich SEP Events Observed by Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe during Perihelion Passage
Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所);Center for Astrophysics—Harvard & Smithsonian(天体物理学中心——哈佛与史密森尼学会);Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院空间辐射实验室);Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);The University of Texas at San Antonio(得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校)
Radial Dependency of ICME-associated Particle Acceleration Processes: Statistical Multipoint Observations from 2016-2023
Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Southwest Research Institute(西南研究所);Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);Space Science Laboratory(空间科学实验室);Austrian Space Weather Office, GeoSphere Austria(奥地利空间天气办公室,地球系统奥地利);Institute of Physics, University of Graz(格拉茨大学物理研究所)
Energy-dependent SEP Fe/O abundances during the May 2024 superstorm
California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);University of California Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室);NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University(普林斯顿大学天体物理学系);Southwest Research Institute(西南研究院);University of Texas, San Antonio(德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校);Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学);University of New Hampshire(新罕布什尔大学)