Nonexistence of perfect permutation codes under the Kendall τ-metric

Snake-in-the-Box Codes for Rank Modulation under Kendall's $τ$-Metric

For a Gray code in the scheme of rank modulation for flash memories, the codewords are permutations and two consecutive codewords are obtained using a push-to-the-top operation. We consider snake-in-the-box codes under Kendall's $τ$-metric, which is a Gray code capable of detecting one Kendall's $τ$-error. We answer two open problems posed by Horovitz and Etzion. Firstly, we prove the validity of a construction given by them, resulting in a snake of size $M_{2n+1}=\frac{(2n+1)!}{2}-2n+1$. Secondly, we come up with a different construction aiming at a longer snake of size $M_{2n+1}=\frac{(2n+1)…

Rate-Distortion for Ranking with Incomplete Information

We study the rate-distortion relationship in the set of permutations endowed with the Kendall Tau metric and the Chebyshev metric. Our study is motivated by the application of permutation rate-distortion to the average-case and worst-case analysis of algorithms for ranking with incomplete information and approximate sorting algorithms. For the Kendall Tau metric we provide bounds for small, medium, and large distortion regimes, while for the Chebyshev metric we present bounds that are valid for all distortions and are especially accurate for small distortions. In addition, for the Chebyshev me…

Constructions of Rank Modulation Codes

Rank modulation is a way of encoding information to correct errors in flash memory devices as well as impulse noise in transmission lines. Modeling rank modulation involves construction of packings of the space of permutations equipped with the Kendall tau distance. We present several general constructions of codes in permutations that cover a broad range of code parameters. In particular, we show a number of ways in which conventional error-correcting codes can be modified to correct errors in the Kendall space. Codes that we construct afford simple encoding and decoding algorithms of essenti…

Codes in Permutations and Error Correction for Rank Modulation

Codes for rank modulation have been recently proposed as a means of protecting flash memory devices from errors. We study basic coding theoretic problems for such codes, representing them as subsets of the set of permutations of $n$ elements equipped with the Kendall tau distance. We derive several lower and upper bounds on the size of codes. These bounds enable us to establish the exact scaling of the size of optimal codes for large values of $n$. We also show the existence of codes whose size is within a constant factor of the sphere packing bound for any fixed number of errors.

Systematic Codes for Rank Modulation

The goal of this paper is to construct systematic error-correcting codes for permutations and multi-permutations in the Kendall's $τ$-metric. These codes are important in new applications such as rank modulation for flash memories. The construction is based on error-correcting codes for multi-permutations and a partition of the set of permutations into error-correcting codes. For a given large enough number of information symbols $k$, and for any integer $t$, we present a construction for ${(k+r,k)}$ systematic $t$-error-correcting codes, for permutations from $S_{k+r}$, with less redundancy s…

New Theoretical Bounds and Constructions of Permutation Codes under Block Permutation Metric

Permutation codes under different metrics have been extensively studied due to their potentials in various applications. Generalized Cayley metric is introduced to correct generalized transposition errors, including previously studied metrics such as Kendall's $τ$-metric, Ulam metric and Cayley metric as special cases. Since the generalized Cayley distance between two permutations is not easily computable, Yang et al. introduced a related metric of the same order, named the block permutation metric. Given positive integers $n$ and $d$, let $\mathcal{C}_{B}(n,d)$ denote the maximum size of a pe…

Semidefinite programming for permutation codes

We initiate study of the Terwilliger algebra and related semidefinite programming techniques for the conjugacy scheme of the symmetric group Sym$(n)$. In particular, we compute orbits of ordered pairs on Sym$(n)$ acted upon by conjugation and inversion, explore a block diagonalization of the associated algebra, and obtain improved upper bounds on the size $M(n,d)$ of permutation codes of lengths up to 7. For instance, these techniques detect the nonexistence of the projective plane of order six via $M(6,5)<30$ and yield a new best bound $M(7,4) \le 535$ for a challenging open case. Each of the…

纠正rank modulated复合编码中尾部删除在DNA数据存储中的问题

Correcting Tail Deletions in Rank Modulated Composite Encoding for Data Storage in DNA

本文研究了在DNA数据存储中结合两种新的编码方法，利用复合DNA字母表和rank modulation码的特性，提出了一种基于排列的高效编码方案，并针对删除和插入码进行了界限和构造研究。

On ML-Certificate Linear Constraints for Rank Modulation with Linear Programming Decoding and its Application to Compact Graphs

Linear constraints for a matrix polytope with no fractional vertex are investigated as intersecting research among permutation codes, rank modulations, and linear programming methods. By focusing the discussion to the block structure of matrices, new classes of such polytopes are obtained from known small polytopes. This concept, called "consolidation", is applied to find a new compact graph which is known as an approach for the graph isomorphism problem. Encoding and decoding algorithms for our new permutation codes are obtained from existing algorithms for small polytopes. The minimum distan…

Limited-Magnitude Error-Correcting Gray Codes for Rank Modulation

We construct Gray codes over permutations for the rank-modulation scheme, which are also capable of correcting errors under the infinity-metric. These errors model limited-magnitude or spike errors, for which only single-error-detecting Gray codes are currently known. Surprisingly, the error-correcting codes we construct achieve a better asymptotic rate than that of presently known constructions not having the Gray property, and exceed the Gilbert-Varshamov bound. Additionally, we present efficient ranking and unranking procedures, as well as a decoding procedure that runs in linear time. Fina…

Constrained Codes for Rank Modulation

Motivated by the rank modulation scheme, a recent work by Sala and Dolecek explored the study of constraint codes for permutations. The constraint studied by them is inherited by the inter-cell interference phenomenon in flash memories, where high-level cells can inadvertently increase the level of low-level cells. In this paper, the model studied by Sala and Dolecek is extended into two constraints. A permutation $σ\in S_n$ satisfies the \emph{two-neighbor $k$-constraint} if for all $2 \leq i \leq n-1$ either $|σ(i-1)-σ(i)|\leq k$ or $|σ(i)-σ(i+1)|\leq k$, and it satisfies the \emph{asymmetri…

Constructions of Snake-in-the-Box Codes for Rank Modulation

Snake-in-the-box code is a Gray code which is capable of detecting a single error. Gray codes are important in the context of the rank modulation scheme which was suggested recently for representing information in flash memories. For a Gray code in this scheme the codewords are permutations, two consecutive codewords are obtained by using the "push-to-the-top" operation, and the distance measure is defined on permutations. In this paper the Kendall's $τ$-metric is used as the distance measure. We present a general method for constructing such Gray codes. We apply the method recursively to obta…