32通道高数据吞吐量时间标记与符合探测器
A 32 Channel Time-Tagging and Coincidence Detector Unit with High Data Throughput
摘要：
时间标记单元和符合探测器在许多科学研究领域中使用。所需的时间分辨率和输入通道的数量是不同的，但在量子光学领域的一些新兴的实验需要高达32个输入通道，具有约10 ps的时间分辨率和高数据处理能力。本工作是关于一个定制设计的基于FPGA的时间标记和符合检测器单元，具有32个输入通道，8 ps的定时分辨率，高数据处理能力和高带宽通信端口，如USB-3和PCIe x4，用于读出。对于非常高的时序分辨率和许多通道，正确表征每个输入通道中时间数字转换器的性能以验证其精度至关重要。重要的误差来源进行了讨论，并评估了一个共同的方法，性能测量，连同其往往被忽视的缺陷。该项目中实施的性能测量同时表征每个通道，除了PCB上的额外晶体振荡器和FPGA中的内置模式发生器外，不需要额外的外部仪器。先进的测量精度足以检测来自不同来源的不同类型的抖动，测量电源引起的噪声，测量线性度并详细表征每个输入通道。测量结果的详细介绍和评价。该板具有高性能、大量输入通道和详细的特性，是目前唯一和最先进的。
英文摘要：
Time-tagging units and coincidence detectors are used in many scientific research fields. The required timing resolution and number of input channels are varying, but some emerging experiments in the field of quantum optics require up to 32 input channels with a timing resolution of approximately 10 ps and high data processing capability. This work is about a custom designed FPGA based time-tagging and coincidence detector unit, with 32 input channels, 8 ps of timing resolution, high data processing capability and with high bandwidth communication ports, such as USB-3 and PCIe x4, for readout. With very high timing resolution and many channels it is crucial to properly characterize the performance of the time-to-digital converters in every input channel, to validate their accuracy. Important sources of error are discussed and a common method of performance measurement is evaluated, together with its often overlooked flaws. The performance measurement implemented in this project characterizes every channel simultaneously, with no additional external instrument required except for an extra crystal oscillator on the PCB and a built in pattern generator in the FPGA. The advanced measurement is accurate enough to detect different type of jitters, from varying sources, measure noise caused by power supplies, measure linearity and characterize every input channels in detail. The measurement results are presented and evaluated in detail. This board with its high performance, large number of input channels and detailed characterization is currently unique and cutting edge.
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