10年后：云计算正在缩小性能差距
10 Years Later: Cloud Computing is Closing the Performance Gap
摘要：
云计算基础设施能否为科学应用提供HPC竞争力的性能？尽管有大量的相关文献，这个问题仍然是开放的。答案对于设计未来的系统和普及高性能计算至关重要。我们提出了一个多层次的方法来调查HPC和云计算之间的性能差距，隔离不同的变量，有助于这一差距。我们的实验分为（i）硬件和系统微基准测试和（ii）用户应用程序代理。结果表明，由于某些云平台上提供了高速内存系统和互连以及专用批处理调度，如今的高端云计算不仅可以为计算密集型应用提供HPC竞争力的性能，而且还可以为内存和通信密集型应用提供HPC竞争力的性能（至少在中等规模下）。
英文摘要：
Can cloud computing infrastructures provide HPC-competitive performance for scientific applications broadly? Despite prolific related literature, this question remains open. Answers are crucial for designing future systems and democratizing high-performance computing. We present a multi-level approach to investigate the performance gap between HPC and cloud computing, isolating different variables that contribute to this gap. Our experiments are divided into (i) hardware and system microbenchmarks and (ii) user application proxies. The results show that today's high-end cloud computing can deliver HPC-competitive performance not only for computationally intensive applications but also for memory- and communication-intensive applications - at least at modest scales - thanks to the high-speed memory systems and interconnects and dedicated batch scheduling now available on some cloud platforms.
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