As the share of renewable sources is increasing the need for multiple storage units appropriately sized and located is essential to achieve better inertial response. This work focuses on the question of "how to distribute constant number of storage units in the gird under transient events such that the inertial response of the maximum frequency deviation is minimized?". To answer this question, we provide a comprehensive modeling framework for energy storage units placement and size for frequency stability under spatial effects. The distributed storage units are modeled as grid supporting inverters and the total storage capacity in the grid is bounded based on the allowed steady-state frequency deviation after disturbances. The problem of finding the optimal distributions can be considered as combinatorial problem which consists of high dimensional solutions. In this light, we develop two numeric approaches based on Brute-force search and adaptation of the Cross-entropy method for finding the best distribution and examined it on a case study of the future Israeli grid. The results on the case study provide a new insight---the storage units should be placed around the area of the disturbances, including in sites with high inertia in accordance to the network topology.
With the increasing penetration of renewable resources in the distribution grid, the demand for alternatives to grid reinforcement measures rises. One possible solution is the use of battery systems to balance the power flow at crucial locations in the grid. Hereby the optimal location and size of the system has to be determined in regards of investment and grid stabilizing effect. In this paper the optimal placement and sizing of battery storage systems for grid stabilization in a small distribution grid in southern Germany with high PV- penetration is investigated and compared to a grid heur…
Operations-Based Planning for Placement and Sizing of Energy Storage in a Grid With a High Penetration of Renewables
Department of Computer Science Engineering University of Washington（华盛顿大学计算机科学与工程系）；Material Physics Applications Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies Theoretical Division LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA（洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室材料物理应用部门与非线性研究理论中心）
This paper studies selecting a subset of the system's output to minimize the state estimation mean square error (MSE). This results in the maximization problem of a set function defined on possible sensor selections subject to a cardinality constraint. We consider to solve it approximately by a greedy search. Since the MSE function is not submodular nor supermodular, the well-known performance guarantees for the greedy solutions do not hold in the present case. Thus, we use the quantities---the submodularity ratio and the curvature---to evaluate the degrees of submodularity and supermodularity…
PMU Placement Optimization for Smart Grid Obvervability and State Estimation
University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals（法赫德国王石油与矿产大学）；Queen’s University Belfast（贝尔法斯特女王大学）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）
Minimizing Bid Cost Recovery for Energy Storage with Uniform Pricing
Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College（达特茅斯学院塞耶工程学院）；School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院）
Non-geostationary (NGSO) satellite communications systems have attracted a lot of attention both from industry and academia, over the past several years. Beam placement is among the major resource allocation problems in multi-beam NGSO systems. In this paper, we formulate the beam placement problem as a Euclidean disk cover optimization model. We aim at minimizing the number of placed beams while satisfying the total downlink traffic demand of targeted ground terminals without exceeding the capacity of the placed beams. We present a low-complexity deterministic annealing (DA)-based algorithm t…
Mobile energy storage systems (MESS) offer great operational flexibility to enhance the resiliency of distribution systems in an emergency condition. The optimal placement and sizing of those units are pivotal for quickly restoring the curtailed loads. In this paper, we propose a model for load restoration in a microgrid while concurrently optimizing the MESS routes required for the same. The model is formulated as a mixed integer second order cone program by considering the state of charge and evolution of the lower and upper bounds of battery capacities. Simulation results tested on the IEEE…
