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arXiv 2011.00074astro-ph.HE
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潮汐中断事件Swift J164449 .3+573451的无线电监测。IV。连续衰落与非相对论膨胀

Radio Monitoring of the Tidal Disruption Event Swift J164449.3+573451. IV. Continued Fading and Non-Relativistic Expansion

Yvette Cendes, Tarraneh Eftekhari, Edo Berger, Emil Polisensky

摘要:

我们提出了持续的无线电和X射线观测以前的相对论性潮汐中断事件(TDE)斯威夫特J164449.3+573451(\sw)延长到约9.4年后中断,作为正在进行的活动的一部分,与Jansky甚大阵列(VLA)和\textit{Chandra} X射线天文台。我们发现,X射线发射已褪色低于可检测的水平,与上限的$\lesssim 3.5\times 10^{-15}$尔格厘米$^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$在100 KS的观察,而无线电发射继续被检测到,并稳步衰减。两者都是一致的,从非相对论外流的前向冲击发射,虽然我们发现,无线电频谱能量分布是更好地拟合在这些后期的电子幂律指数$p\approx 3$(而不是$p\approx 2.5$在早期)。用修正后的谱指数,我们用射电和X射线数据找到了$ε_B\approx 0.01$,在黑洞半径为$R\approx 0.65$ pc($R_{\rm sch}\approx 2\times 10^6$ R $_\odot$)处的密度为$\approx 0.04$ cm $^{3}$。爆炸波的能量标度是$\approx 10^{52}$ erg。我们还报告了在VLA巡天(VLASS)的前两个历元中在3 GHz处探测到\sw \,并发现在VLASS数据中可能存在$\sim 10^2$离轴\sw事件。最后,我们发现\sw本身将在无线电频率下保持数十年的可检测性,尽管在亚GHz频率下的观测对于表征其动力学演化将变得越来越重要。

英文摘要:

We present continued radio and X-ray observations of the previously relativistic tidal disruption event (TDE) Swift J164449.3+573451 (\sw) extending to about 9.4 years post disruption, as part of ongoing campaigns with the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the \textit{Chandra} X-ray observatory. We find that the X-ray emission has faded below detectable levels, with an upper limit of $\lesssim 3.5\times 10^{-15}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ in a 100 ks observation, while the radio emission continues to be detected and steadily fade. Both are consistent with forward shock emission from a non-relativistic outflow, although we find that the radio spectral energy distribution is better fit at these late times with an electron power law index of $p\approx 3$ (as opposed to $p\approx 2.5$ at earlier times). With the revised spectral index we find $ε_B\approx 0.01$ using the radio and X-ray data, and a density of $\approx 0.04$ cm$^{3}$ at a radius of $R\approx 0.65$ pc ($R_{\rm sch}\approx 2\times 10^6$ R$_\odot$) from the black hole. The energy scale of the blastwave is $\approx 10^{52}$ erg. We also report detections of \sw\ at 3 GHz from the first two epochs of the VLA Sky Survey (VLASS), and find that $\sim 10^2$ off-axis \sw-like events to $z\sim 0.5$ may be present in the VLASS data. Finally, we find that \sw\ itself will remain detectable for decades at radio frequencies, although observations at sub-GHz frequencies will become increasingly important to characterize its dynamical evolution.

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