病毒感染研究中的分子通讯：模型、实验数据和未来方向
Molecular Communications in Viral Infections Research: Modelling, Experimental Data and Future Directions
摘要：
全世界每年有数亿人受到病毒感染的影响，然而，其中一些人在感染期间和感染后既没有疫苗也没有有效的治疗。COVID-19疫情凸显了这一挑战，显示了病毒如何快速传播以及如何影响整个社会。必须出现将不同学科结合起来的新技术，以提供前瞻性的战略来对抗病毒感染以及未来可能发生的大流行病。在过去的十年中，一个涉及生物工程，纳米技术和信息和通信技术（ICT）的跨学科领域一直在发展，称为分子通信。这个新兴领域使用经典通信系统的元素，并将其映射到体内和体外发现的分子信号和通信，其目的是开发可以为未来医学服务的新工具。在本文中，我们提供了一个广泛和详细的讨论如何分子通信可以整合到病毒性传染病建模的研究，以及如何可能的治疗和疫苗可以考虑分子作为信息载体开发。我们对现有的病毒感染分子通讯模型（体内和体外）进行了文献综述，深入分析了它们对宿主的影响以及随后体内其他系统（例如，免疫反应），已知病毒感染的实验数据来源以及分子通讯社区如何使用它，以及开放问题和未来方向。由于治疗/疫苗的开发需要以ICT为中心的跨学科方法，我们相信分子通信可以通过提供分子在不同介质中传播的详细表征和操作在这里发挥核心作用。
英文摘要：
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by viral infections each year, and yet, several of them neither have vaccines nor effective treatment during and post-infection. This challenge has been highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, showing how viruses can quickly spread and how they can impact society as a whole. Novel techniques that bring in different disciplines must emerge to provide forward-looking strategies to combat viral infections, as well as possible future pandemics. In the past decade, an interdisciplinary area involving bioengineering, nanotechnology and information and communication technology (ICT) has been developing, known as Molecular Communications. This new emerging area uses elements of classical communication systems and maps it to molecular signalling and communication found inside and outside the body, where the aim is to develop new tools that can serve future medicine. In this paper, we provide an extensive and detailed discussion on how Molecular Communications can be integrated into the research on viral infectious diseases modelling, and how possible treatment and vaccines can be developed considering molecules as information carriers. We provide a literature review on the existing models of Molecular Communications for viral infection (in-body and out-body), a deep analysis on their effects on the host and subsequent communication process for other systems within the body (e.g., immune response), sources of experimental data on known viral infections and how it can be used by the Molecular Communications community, as well as open issues and future directions. Since the development of therapeutics/vaccines needs an interdisciplinary approach centred around ICT, we are confident that Molecular Communications can play a central role here by providing a detail characterisation and manipulation of the propagation of molecules in different media.
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