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arXiv 2010.04745gr-qcastro-ph.HE
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用引力波探索基础物理

Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves

Zack Carson

摘要:

两个黑洞在13亿光年外的爆炸性合并,使我们第一次得以窥视这些事件周围的时空极端引力区域。随着这些最紧凑的物体达到光速的60%,诸如此类的碰撞事件创造了恶劣的时空环境,其中场是强大的,非线性的,高度动态的-这是人类历史上尚未探索的地方。2015年9月14日,来自这样一个事件的标志性啁啾信号被两个激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)探测器同时记录-这是现代工程的无与伦比的壮举。被称为“GW 150914”的这一引力波事件为观察宇宙的全新窗口铺平了道路,为从全新的角度探索基础物理学提供了独特的机会。自这一历史性事件以来,LIGO/Virgo合作(LVC)在其前两次观测中进一步确定了十个额外的引力波信号,这些信号由无数不同的事件组成。在这些新的编目探测中,重要的是GW 170817,这是第一次探测到来自两颗中子星合并的引力波,为深入了解其中的超核物理学提供了新的视角。本论文探讨了这一新的独特机会,利用引力波中编码的信息,从一个全新的角度来探索基础物理。第一部分着重于通过编码在来自双中子星合并的引力波中的潮汐信息来探索核物理。第二部分的重点是通过编码在引力波信号中的这种时空的残余来测试来自这种事件的广义相对论。

英文摘要:

The explosive coalescence of two black holes 1.3 billion light years away has for the very first time allowed us to peer into the extreme gravity region of spacetime surrounding these events. With these maximally compact objects reaching speeds up to 60% the speed of light, collision events such as these create harsh spacetime environments where the fields are strong, non-linear, and highly dynamical -- a place yet un-probed in human history. On September 14, 2015, the iconic chirp signal from such an event was registered simultaneously by both of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors -- by an unparalleled feat of modern engineering. Dubbed "GW150914", this gravitational wave event paved the way for an entirely new observing window into the universe, providing for the unique opportunity to probe fundamental physics from an entirely new viewpoint. Since this historic event, the LIGO/Virgo collaboration (LVC) has further identified ten additional gravitational wave signals in its first two observing runs, composed of a myriad of different events. Important among these new cataloged detections is GW170817, the first detection of gravitational waves from the merger of two neutron stars, giving way to new insight into the supranuclear physics resident within. This thesis explores this new unique opportunity to harness the information encoded within gravitational waves in regards to their source whence they came, to probe fundamental physics from an entirely new perspective. Part A focuses on probing nuclear physics by way of the tidal information encoded within gravitational waves from binary neutron star mergers. Part B focuses on testing general relativity from such events by way of the remnants of such spacetime encoded within the gravitational wave signal.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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