Investigating The Growing Population of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
Sydney Sherman, Shardha Jogee, Jonathan Florez, Matthew L. Stevans, Lalitwadee Kawinwanichakij, Isak Wold, Steven L. Finkelstein, Casey Papovich, Robin Ciardull… 展开作者
Sydney Sherman, Shardha Jogee, Jonathan Florez, Matthew L. Stevans, Lalitwadee Kawinwanichakij, Isak Wold, Steven L. Finkelstein, Casey Papovich, Robin Ciardullo, Caryl Gronwall, Sofía A. Cora, Tomás Hough, Cristian A. Vega-Martínez
备注:
22 pages, 14 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
我们探索的28,469个大质量($M_\star \ge 10^{11}$ M $_\odot$)星系的样本在红移$1.5<z<3.0$,从17.5度$^2$区域(0.33 Gpc $^3$共动体积在这些红移)的静止星系的建设。这允许使用比先前研究大40倍的log($M_{\star}$ / $\rm M_{\odot}$)$\ge11.5$的样品$\sim$,对作为$1.5<z<3.0$质量函数的静态分数进行稳健研究。我们推导出的静态分数使用三种方法:特定的恒星形成率,距离主序星,和UVJ颜色颜色选择。在$1.5<z<2.0$下,所有三种方法给出的值相似,但在$2.0<z<3.0$下,结果相差高达2倍。在红移$1.5 < z < 3.0$处,静止分数作为恒星质量的函数而增加。到$z=2$,大爆炸后仅3.3 Gyr,宇宙已经淬灭了25%的$M_\star = 10^{11}$ M $_\odot$星系和45%的$M_\star = 10^{12}$ M $_\odot$星系的$\sim$。我们讨论了可以解释我们结果的一系列时代和环境的物理机制。我们比较我们的结果与流体动力学模拟SIMBA和IllustrisTNG和半解析模型(SAMs)SAG,SAGE和Galacticus的预测。来自IllustrisTNG的静止分数比我们的经验结果高$2-5$的因子,而来自SIMBA和三种SAM的静止分数在$1.5<z<3.0$处低$1.5-10$的因子。
英文摘要:
We explore the buildup of quiescent galaxies using a sample of 28,469 massive ($M_\star \ge 10^{11}$M$_\odot$) galaxies at redshifts $1.5<z<3.0$, drawn from a 17.5 deg$^2$ area (0.33 Gpc$^3$ comoving volume at these redshifts). This allows for a robust study of the quiescent fraction as a function of mass at $1.5<z<3.0$ with a sample $\sim$40 times larger at log($M_{\star}$/$\rm M_{\odot}$)$\ge11.5$ than previous studies. We derive the quiescent fraction using three methods: specific star-formation rate, distance from the main sequence, and UVJ color-color selection. All three methods give similar values at $1.5<z<2.0$, however the results differ by up to a factor of two at $2.0<z<3.0$. At redshifts $1.5 < z < 3.0$ the quiescent fraction increases as a function of stellar mass. By $z=2$, only 3.3 Gyr after the Big Bang, the universe has quenched $\sim$25% of $M_\star = 10^{11}$M$_\odot$ galaxies and $\sim$45% of $M_\star = 10^{12}$M$_\odot$ galaxies. We discuss physical mechanisms across a range of epochs and environments that could explain our results. We compare our results with predictions from hydrodynamical simulations SIMBA and IllustrisTNG and semi-analytic models (SAMs) SAG, SAGE, and Galacticus. The quiescent fraction from IllustrisTNG is higher than our empirical result by a factor of $2-5$, while those from SIMBA and the three SAMs are lower by a factor of $1.5-10$ at $1.5<z<3.0$.
Morphological and Star Formation Properties of Cosmic Noon Massive Quiescent Galaxies
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune(印度科学教育研究所浦那分校);National Centre for Radio Astrophysics – Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(国家射电天体物理中心 - 塔塔基础研究院)
The role of mergers and rejuvenation in the buildup of the quiescent population at cosmic noon
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham(诺丁汉大学物理与天文学院);Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire(赫特福德大学天体物理学研究中心);AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute(欧洲航天局AURA空间望远镜科学研究所);School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学物理与天文学院)
The Role of Environment in Shaping the Assembly Timelines of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D)(ARC三维全天空天体物理学卓越中心);INAF, Astrophysics and Space Science Observatory Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文台);Cavendish Laboratory - Astrophysics Group, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室);Institute for Computational & Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学计算与数据科学研究所);Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学引力与宇宙研究所);Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile(智利大学天文学系);Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学天文与天体物理研究学院);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学物理与天文学系)
JWST+ALMA reveal the build up of stellar mass in the cores of dusty star-forming galaxies at Cosmic Noon
University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(黎明宇宙中心);Tufts University(塔夫茨大学);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学)
Dynamical properties and star formation history of a low-mass quenched galaxy at Cosmic Noon
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学空间研究所);DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI(国立天文台高等研究院天文学研究科);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D)(ARC三维全天空天体物理学卓越中心);Subaru Telescope(昴星团望远镜)
FIGS: Spectral fitting constraints on the star formation history of massive galaxies since Cosmic Noon
利用HST的ACS和WFC 3星系的双标架光学和近红外无缝光谱,对52个质量对数Ms>10.5的大质量星系样本的恒星星族性质进行了约束,得到了红移范围为0.5<z<2的恒星族分布。深度曝光(~100 ks)使我们能够将大质量星系的单个光谱定位到F160 W =22.5AB。我们的光谱拟合方法使用一组六个基础模型,适应每个观测的红移和光谱分辨率,并通过MCMC方法拟合基础模型的权重,包括潜在的尘埃衰减。我们的样本包括静止星系(19)和恒星形成星系(33)的混合分布。我们量化的年龄分布(Dt)的宽度,发现占主导地位的检索参数的方差根据主成分分析。人口参数遵循预期的趋势,随着质量的增加,年龄较大,和DT似乎弱反相关恒星质量,这表明一个更有效的恒星形成在大规模的结束。正如预期的那样,静态样本中相对恒星年龄(以宇宙源的年龄为单位测量)的红移依赖性拒绝了单一爆发(又名整体坍缩)的假设。每个星系内的径向颜色梯度也进行了探索,发现一个更广泛的分散在恒星形成的子样本,但没有决定性的趋势相对于人口参数。
Tracing Radio AGN-Driven Quenching in Post-Starburst Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute(欧洲空间局阿雷西博大学协会太空望远镜科学研究所);University of Nottingham(诺丁汉大学);University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);European Southern Observatory (ESO)(欧洲南方天文台)
Formation of Substructure in Luminous Submillimeter Galaxies (FOSSILS): Initial sample and the discovery of a dusty spiral at cosmic noon
SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)(日本综合研究大学院大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);Hokkai-Gakuen University(北海学园大学)
RUBIES spectroscopically confirms the high number density of quiescent galaxies from $\mathbf{2<z<5}$
University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)(国际射电天文研究中心);University of Western Australia(西澳大利亚大学);University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校);University of Wisconsin-Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校);The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学)
The JWST EXCELS survey: Insights into the nature of quenching at cosmic noon
Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);University of Nottingham(诺丁汉大学)
Reconstructing the Assembly of Massive Galaxies. II. Galaxies Develop Massive and Dense Stellar Cores as They Evolve and Head Toward Quiescence at Cosmic Noon
Morphology, sizes, and scatter in a large sample of distant quiescent galaxies
DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学空间科学中心);Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)(宇宙黎明中心);DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所DARK中心);INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切尔天文台)
A Census of Na D-traced neutral ISM and outflows at $0.6<z<4$
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室);DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所DARK中心);Department of Physics, University of Oxford(牛津大学物理系);Scuola Normale Superiore(比萨高等师范学院);Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University(宾夕法尼亚州立大学天文学与天体物理学系);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC–INTA(西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所/西班牙科学研究中心天体生物学中心)
Stellar populations from spectroscopy of a large sample of quiescent galaxies at z > 1: Measuring the contribution of progenitor bias to early size growth
我们分析了62个大质量(log Mstar/Msun > 10.7)星系样本的恒星星族,其红移范围为1 < z < 1.6,主要目的是研究最近淬火在静止星系尺寸增长中的作用。我们证明,我们的样本是不偏向于明亮,紧凑,或年轻的星系,因此是整体静态人口的代表。我们的高信噪比凯克LRIS光谱探测的休息帧巴耳末断裂区,其中包含重要的吸收线诊断最近的恒星形成活动。我们得到改进措施的各种恒星星族参数,包括恒星形成的时间尺度τ,年龄和尘埃灭绝,通过拟合模板共同我们的光谱和宽带光度数据。我们确定哪些静止星系最近淬火和回溯他们的个人发展轨迹上的UVJ色-色平面上找到两个不同的淬火路线的证据。通过使用在本系列的前一篇论文中测量的大小,我们证实了最大的星系确实是在给定的红移下最年轻的星系之一。这与最近到达的人对明显增长的一些贡献是一致的,这种效应通常被称为祖先偏见。然而,我们计算出,在1.5 Gyr周期内,最近淬灭的天体只能对静止星系平均尺寸增加的一半负责,对应于红移区间1.25 < z < 2。其余的观测到的大小演变来自长期静止星系的真正增长。
PASSAGES: The Discovery of a Strongly Lensed Protocluster Core Candidate at Cosmic Noon
School of Earth & Space Exploration, Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学地球与空间探索学院);Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学天文系/斯图尔德天文台);Joint ALMA Observatory(ALMA联合天文台);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校天文系);National Radio Astronomy Observatory(美国国家射电天文台)
A SHARP Look at Quenching and Bulge-Disk Growth in Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Milano(意大利国家天体物理研究所空间天体物理学与宇宙学天文台,米兰);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Paodva(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM(巴黎萨克雷大学、巴黎西岱大学、法国原子能和替代能源委员会、法国国家科学研究中心、天体物理学信息与方法实验室);CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique(法国原子能和替代能源委员会萨克雷中心核研究与物理研究所天体物理服务部);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台);Department of Physics, Oxford University(牛津大学物理系)
Consistent dynamical and stellar masses with potential light IMF in massive quiescent galaxies at $3 < z < 4$ using velocity dispersions measurements with MOSFIRE
ODIN: Confirmation and 3D Reconstruction of Six Massive Protoclusters at Cosmic Noon
Purdue University(普渡大学);NSF NOIRLab(美国国家光学-红外天文研究实验室);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室);Boston University(波士顿大学);Universidad Andres Bello(安德烈斯贝略大学);Università degli Studi di Milano(米兰大学);INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台)
Clues to inside-out quenching in quiescent galaxies at $1.2\lesssim z\lesssim2.2$: Age, Fe-, and Mg-abundance gradients from JWST-SUSPENSE
Leiden University(莱顿大学);Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学研究所天文台);University of the Pacific(太平洋大学);University of Pittsburgh(匹兹堡大学);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik(马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Tufts University(塔夫茨大学);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利群岛天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉帕尔马大学);York University(约克大学)
Black hole mass of a quiescent galaxy hosting a Type 1 AGN at z=2.09: Implications for black hole - galaxy co-evolution and AGN quenching at high redshift