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arXiv 2010.04737astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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甲醇脉泽的偏振特性

Polarization properties of methanol masers

Daria Dall'Olio, Wouter Vlemmings, Boy Lankhaar, Gabriele Surcis

摘要:

多年来,天文微波激射器一直是研究磁场的有效工具。特别是,甲醇可以用来探测原恒星的不同部分,如吸积盘和外流,因为它在大质量恒星形成区产生最强和最常见的脉泽之一。我们研究了选定的甲醇脉泽跃迁的偏振特性,根据新计算的甲醇Landé g因子,并考虑超精细成分。我们比较我们的结果与以前的观察,我们评估的效果,首选超精细泵浦和非塞曼效应。我们使用辐射转移程序CHAMP进行模拟。我们发现的超精细过渡的线性和圆偏振分数的依赖。优选的超精细泵浦可以解释一些高水平的线偏振和圆偏振,以及在所观察到的V形轮廓的S形中看到的一些奇特的特征。甲醇脉泽不受非塞曼效应的显著影响。我们的模型表明,甲醇脉泽发射的线性和圆偏振的百分比取决于超精细过渡是脉泽和它被泵浦的程度。由于非塞曼效应在高亮度温度下变得更加相关,因此获得这些量和脉泽光束角的良好估计是很重要的。对亮温的更好约束将有助于理解非塞曼效应对观测到的偏振百分比的贡献程度。为了检测单独的超精细组分,需要显著小于超精细分离的固有热线宽。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) Astronomical masers have been effective tools to study magnetic fields for many years. In particular, methanol can be used to probe different parts of protostars such as accretion discs and outflows, since it produces one of the strongest and the most commonly observed masers in massive star-forming regions. We investigate the polarization properties of selected methanol maser transitions in light of newly calculated methanol Landé g-factors and considering hyperfine components. We compare our results with previous observations and we evaluate the effect of preferred hyperfine pumping and non-Zeeman effects. We run simulations using the radiative transfer code CHAMP. We find a dependence of linear and circular polarization fractions on the hyperfine transitions. Preferred hyperfine pumping can explain some high levels of linear and circular polarization and some of the peculiar features seen in the S-shape of observed V-profiles. Methanol masers are not significantly affected by non-Zeeman effects. Our models show that for methanol maser emission, both the linear and circular polarization percentages depend on which hyperfine transition is masing and the degree to which it is being pumped. Since non-Zeeman effects become more relevant at high values of brightness temperatures, it is important to obtain good estimates of these quantities and on maser beaming angles. Better constraints on the brightness temperature will help in understand about the extent to which non-Zeeman effects contribute to the observed polarization percentages. In order to detect separate hyperfine components, an intrinsic thermal line width significantly smaller than the hyperfine separation is required.

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