Direct confirmation of the radial-velocity planet $β$ Pic c
M. Nowak, S. Lacour, A. -M. Lagrange, P. Rubini, J. Wang, T. Stolker, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Bauböck, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, H. Beust, S. Blunt, A.… 展开作者
M. Nowak, S. Lacour, A. -M. Lagrange, P. Rubini, J. Wang, T. Stolker, A. Amorim, R. Asensio-Torres, M. Bauböck, M. Benisty, J. P. Berger, H. Beust, S. Blunt, A. Boccaletti, M. Bonnefoy, H. Bonnet, W. Brandner, F. Cantalloube, B. Charnay, E. Choquet, V. Christiaens, Y. Clénet, V. Coudé du Foresto, A. Cridland, P. T. de Zeeuw, R. Dembet, J. Dexter, A. Drescher, G. Duvert, A. Eckart, F. Eisenhauer, F. Gao, P. Garcia, R. Garcia Lopez, T. Gardner, E. Gendron, R. Genzel, S. Gillessen, J. Girard, X. Haubois, G. Heißel, T. Henning, S. Hinkley, S. Hippler, M. Horrobin, M. Houllé, Z. Hubert, A. Jiménez-Rosales, L. Jocou, J. Kammerer, P. Kervella, M. Keppler, L. Kreidberg, M. Kulikauskas, V. Lapeyrère, J. -B. Le Bouquin, P. Léna, A. Mérand, A. -L. Maire, P. Mollière, J. D. Monnier, D. Mouillet, A. Müller, E. Nasedkin, T. Ott, G. Otten, T. Paumard, C. Paladini, K. Perraut, G. Perrin, L. Pueyo, O. Pfuhl, J. Rameau, L. Rodet, G. Rodríguez-Coira, G. Rousset, S. Scheithauer, J. Shangguan, J. Stadler, O. Straub, C. Straubmeier, E. Sturm, L. J. Tacconi, E. F. van Dishoeck, A. Vigan, F. Vincent, S. D. von Fellenberg, K. Ward-Duong, F. Widmann, E. Wieprecht, E. Wiezorrek, J. Woillez, the GRAVITY Collaboration
Methods used to detect giant exoplanets can be broadly divided into two categories: indirect and direct. Indirect methods are more sensitive to planets with a small orbital period, whereas direct detection is more sensitive to planets orbiting at a large distance from their host star. %, and thus on long orbital period. This dichotomy makes it difficult to combine the two techniques on a single target at once. Simultaneous measurements made by direct and indirect techniques offer the possibility of determining the mass and luminosity of planets and a method of testing formation models. Here, we aim to show how long-baseline interferometric observations guided by radial-velocity can be used in such a way. We observed the recently-discovered giant planet $β$ Pictoris c with GRAVITY, mounted on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). This study constitutes the first direct confirmation of a planet discovered through radial velocity. We find that the planet has a temperature of $T = 1250\pm50$\,K and a dynamical mass of $M = 8.2\pm0.8\,M_{\rm Jup}$. At $18.5\pm2.5$\,Myr, this puts $β$ Pic c close to a 'hot start' track, which is usually associated with formation via disk instability. Conversely, the planet orbits at a distance of 2.7\,au, which is too close for disk instability to occur. The low apparent magnitude ($M_{\rm K} = 14.3 \pm 0.1$) favours a core accretion scenario. We suggest that this apparent contradiction is a sign of hot core accretion, for example, due to the mass of the planetary core or the existence of a high-temperature accretion shock during formation.
Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. III. Detection of ten new planets, three planet candidates, and confirmation of three planets around eleven nearby M dwarfs
Exoplanet Exploration Program Analysis Group (ExoPAG) Study Analysis Group (SAG) 17 Final Report Resources Needed for Planetary Confirmation and Characterization
Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. detection of five new planets, eight planet candidates, and confirmation of three planets around nine nearby M dwarfs
Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: III. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by a Fourier-Domain Study of Anti-correlated Transit Timing Variations
The T16 Planet Hunt: 10,000 New Planet Candidates from TESS Cycle 1 and the Confirmation of a Hot Jupiter Around TIC 183374187
Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；University of California Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Carnegie Science Observatories（卡内基科学天文台）；Universidad de Concepción（康塞普西翁大学）；Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学学会）
SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates: X KOI-142c: first radial velocity confirmation of a non-transiting exoplanet discovered by transit timing
系外行星KOI-142 b（开普勒-88 b）显示出半振幅为$\sim 12\,$小时的凌日时间变化（TTV），赢得了“凌日变化之王”的绰号。在开普勒的数据中只发现了行星b的凌日，其轨道周期为$\sim 10.92\,$天，半径为$\sim 0.36$ R $_{\mathrm{Jup}}$。Nesvorny等人（2013年）分析了KOI-142 b的TTV和凌日持续时间变化（TDV），他们发现了一个独特的伴星扰动行星的解决方案。作者预测了一颗外层非凌日伴星KOI-142 c，质量为$0.626\pm 0.03$ M $_{\mathrm{Jup}}$，周期为$22.3397^{+0.0021}_{-0.0018}\,$天，因此接近于与内层凌日行星的2：1平均运动共振。我们报告独立确认KOI-142 c使用径向速度观测与SOPHIE光谱仪在上普罗旺斯天文台。我们得到了一个轨道周期$22.10 \pm 0.25\,$天和一个最小行星质量$0.76^{+0.32}_{0.16}\,$ M $_{\mathrm{Jup}}$，都与以前的过境时间分析的预测吻合得很好。因此，这是第一次确认一颗非凌日行星的径向速度，发现了凌日时间的变化，为TTV技术提供了独立的验证。
Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. I. Confirmation of an Eccentric, Cool Jupiter With an Interior Earth-sized Planet Orbiting Kepler-1514
尽管发现系外行星的凌日方法严重偏向于短轨道周期，但已知轨道周期大于100天的凌日系外行星的样本不多。长期的径向速度（RV）调查是确认这些信号的关键，并为从其宿主恒星接受中等至低辐射的行星产生一组行星质量和密度。在这里，我们进行RV观测开普勒-1514从凯克我望远镜使用高分辨率中阶梯光谱仪。从这些数据中，我们测量了统计学验证的巨型（$1.108\pm0.023$ $R_{\rm J}$）系外行星开普勒1514 b的质量，其轨道周期为218天，为$5.28\pm0.22$ $M_{\rm J}$。这颗冷（$\sim$ 390 K）巨行星的体积密度为$4.82^{+0.26}_{-0.25}$ g cm $^{-3}$，与由电子简并压力支撑的核心一致。我们还从RV和凌日观测中推断出$0.401^{+0.013}_{-0.014}$的轨道偏心率，这与行星-行星散射和盘腔迁移模型是一致的。开普勒-1514系统包含一个地球大小的开普勒感兴趣的物体，轨道为10.5天，我们在统计上验证了假阳性的情况，包括那些涉及邻近恒星的情况。主恒星的亮度（$V$ =11.8）和开普勒-1514 b的长周期、低辐射和高密度相结合，使该系统成为一组罕见的已知系外行星系统之一，也是一个可以继续研究的系统。
Direct spectroscopic confirmation of the young embedded proto-planet WISPIT 2c
University of Galway（戈尔韦大学）；Ryan Institute, University of Galway（戈尔韦大学瑞安研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）；Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）；Center for Astronomical Adaptive Optics, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学天文学系天文自适应光学中心）；Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich（慕尼黑工业大学物理系）；Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto（波尔图大学工程学院）；CENTRA – Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST（IST CENTRA——天体物理学与引力中心）
SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XVIII. Radial velocity confirmation, absolute masses and radii, and origin of the Kepler-419 multiplanetary system
Searching for Embedded Protoplanets with the Keck/NIRC2 Vortex Coronagraph: Confirmation of a Core-accretion Planet in the Narrow Gap of the Elias 2-24 Disk
Instituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales（Diego Portales大学工程与科学学院天体物理研究所）；Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS)（年轻系外行星及其卫星千年核心）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven（荷鲁芬大学天体物理研究所）；STAR Institute, Université de Liège（列日大学STAR研究所）
VIBES: VIsual Binary Exoplanet survey with SPHERE Upper limits on wide S-planet and S-BD frequencies, triple system discovery, and astrometric confirmation of 20 stellar binaries and three triple systems
