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arXiv 2010.03439hep-ph
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标准模型双复数扩展中畴壁和强一级相变的引力波特征

Gravitational Wave Signatures from Domain Wall and Strong First-Order Phase Transitions in a Two Complex Scalar extension of the Standard Model

Avik Paul, Upala Mukhopadhyay, Debasish Majumdar

摘要:

我们考虑了标准模型的一个简单的扩展,通过添加两个复杂的单重标量与$\rm{U}\left(1\right)$对称性。在模型中引入了离散的$\mathcal{Z}_2 \times \mathcal{Z}^{\prime}_2$对称性,当对称性自发破缺时,标量的加入使真空期望值(VEV)不为零。复标量的实部(CP偶)与SM希格斯粒子混合,给出三个物理质量本征态。这些物理质量本征态之一是归因于SM类希格斯玻色子玻色子,质量为125.09 GeV。在目前的情况下,畴壁是在早期宇宙中由于离散的$\mathcal{Z}_2 \times \mathcal{Z}^{\prime}_2$对称性的破坏而形成的。为了确保畴壁的不稳定性,这种离散对称性也被明确打破,通过添加一个偏置电位的拉格朗日。不稳定的湮灭畴壁产生了大量的引力波。此外,我们还探讨了强一级相变产生GW辐射的可能性。我们计算的强度和频率的每一个这样的引力波起源于两种不同的现象,即湮灭畴壁和强一阶相变的早期宇宙。最后,我们研究了未来GW探测器(如ALIA,BBO,DECIGO,LISA,TianQin,Taiji,aLIGO,aLIGO+)和脉冲星定时阵列(如SKA,IPTA,EPTA,PPTA,NANOGrav11和NANOGrav12.5)的观测特征。

英文摘要:

We consider a simple extension of Standard Model by adding two complex singlet scalars with a $\rm{U}\left(1\right)$ symmetry. A discrete $\mathcal{Z}_2 \times \mathcal{Z}^{\prime}_2$ symmetry is imposed in the model and the added scalars acquire a non zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) when the imposed symmetry is broken spontaneously. The real (CP even) parts of the complex scalars mix with the SM Higgs and give three physical mass eigenstates. One of these physical mass eigenstates is attributed to the SM like Higgs boson with mass 125.09 GeV. In the present scenario, domain walls are formed in the early Universe due to the breaking of discrete $\mathcal{Z}_2 \times \mathcal{Z}^{\prime}_2$ symmetry. In order to ensure the unstability of the domain wall this discrete symmetry is also explicitly broken by adding a bias potential to the Lagrangian. The unstable annihilating domain walls produce a significant amount of gravitational waves (GWs). In addition, we also explore the possibility of the production of GW emission from the strong first-order phase transition. We calculate the intensities and frequencies of each of such gravitational waves originating from two different phenomena of the early Universe namely annihilating domain walls and strong first-order phase transition. Finally, we investigate the observational signatures from these GWs at the future GW detectors such as ALIA, BBO, DECIGO, LISA, TianQin, Taiji, aLIGO, aLIGO+ and pulsar timing arrays such as SKA, IPTA, EPTA, PPTA, NANOGrav11 and NANOGrav12.5.

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