感知空间及其对称性：颜色空间的几何结构
Perceptual spaces and their symmetries: The geometry of color space
AI总结：
本研究通过辨别与匹配实验刻画颜色空间几何，提出个体化感知度量，揭示感知计算中的对称性定律。
摘要：
我们的感觉系统将外部信号转化为神经活动，从而产生感知。我们天生具有对感知之间相似性的直觉概念，而这种相似性并不必然反映相应外部刺激物理属性的接近程度。因此，对感知几何结构的定量刻画必须通过行为实验来完成。在此，我们利用辨别和匹配实验刻画了颜色空间的几何结构。我们提出了一种针对个体定制的度量，该度量以每位观察者区分刺激与其周围环境所需的最小色度差异来定义。接着，我们证明这一感知度量特别适用于描述另外两个实验，因为它揭示了感知计算的自然对称性。在其中一个实验中，观察者需要辨别两个被与测试刺激色度不同的背景所包围的刺激。在感知坐标下，由背景引起的辨别阈值变化遵循一个简单定律，该定律仅取决于背景与两个被比较刺激中每一个之间的感知距离。在另一个实验中，受试者被要求匹配两个被不同色度背景包围的刺激的颜色。同样，在感知坐标下，背景产生的诱导效应遵循一个简单且对称的定律。我们得出结论：针对个体定制的感知距离概念揭示了支配感知计算定律的对称性。
英文摘要：
Our sensory systems transform external signals into neural activity, thereby producing percepts. We are endowed with an intuitive notion of similarity between percepts, that need not reflect the proximity of the physical properties of the corresponding external stimuli. The quantitative characterization of the geometry of percepts is therefore an endeavour that must be accomplished behaviorally. Here we characterized the geometry of color space using discrimination and matching experiments. We proposed an individually tailored metric defined in terms of the minimal chromatic difference required for each observer to differentiate a stimulus from its surround. Next, we showed that this perceptual metric was particularly adequate to describe two additional experiments, since it revealed the natural symmetry of perceptual computations. In one of the experiments, observers were required to discriminate two stimuli surrounded by a chromaticity that differed from that of the tested stimuli. In the perceptual coordinates, the change in discrimination thresholds induced by the surround followed a simple law that only depended on the perceptual distance between the surround and each of the two compared stimuli. In the other experiment, subjects were asked to match the color of two stimuli surrounded by two different chromaticities. Again, in the perceptual coordinates the induction effect produced by surrounds followed a simple, symmetric law. We conclude that the individually-tailored notion of perceptual distance reveals the symmetry of the laws governing perceptual computations.
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