Swift-XRT follow-up of gravitational wave triggers during the third aLIGO/Virgo observing run
K. L. Page, P. A. Evans, A. Tohuvavohu, J. A. Kennea, N. J. Klingler, S. B. Cenko, S. R. Oates, E. Ambrosi, S. D. Barthelmy, A. P. Beardmore, M. G. Bernardini, … 展开作者
K. L. Page, P. A. Evans, A. Tohuvavohu, J. A. Kennea, N. J. Klingler, S. B. Cenko, S. R. Oates, E. Ambrosi, S. D. Barthelmy, A. P. Beardmore, M. G. Bernardini, A. A. Breeveld, P. J. Brown, D. N. Burrows, S. Campana, R. Caputo, G. Cusumano, A. D'Ai, P. D'Avanzo, V. D'Elia, M. De Pasquale, S. W. K. Emery, P. Giommi, C. Gronwall, D. H. Hartmann, H. A. Krimm, N. P. M. Kuin, D. B. Malesani, F. E. Marshall, A. Melandri, J. A. Nousek, P. T. O'Brien, J. P. Osborne, C. Pagani, M. J. Page, D. M. Palmer, M. Perri, J. L. Racusin, T. Sakamoto, B. Sbarufatti, J. E. Schlieder, M. H. Siegel, G. Tagliaferri, E. Troja
备注：
23 pages (including 4 pages of references, and a 4 page table in the appendix), 5 figures (4 in colour), accepted for publication in MNRAS. (Replaced due to annoying spelling typo in the abstract.)
Neil Gehrels Swift天文台在2019/2020年的O3观测运行期间跟踪了LIGO/Virgo合作的18个引力波（GW）触发，总共执行了大约6500个点。在这些事件中，有四个最终被归类为（如果是真的话）双黑洞（BH）触发事件，六个被归类为双中子星（NS）事件，两个NSBH和两个质量间隙触发事件，一个是未建模的（爆发）触发事件，其余三个随后被撤回。到目前为止，其中四个O3触发器已被正式确认为真实的引力波事件。虽然在X射线数据中（在0.3-10 keV范围内，平均上限为3.60 x 10^{-12} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}）或其他波长下，没有发现任何可能与这些GW事件对应的电磁对应物，但我们总结了在O3期间进行的所有Swift-XRT观测，以及观察到的每个触发事件的典型上限。在O3期间探测到的大多数X射线源以前都没有编目;虽然其中一些将是新的（瞬态）源，但其他一些太微弱，无法被早期的调查任务（如ROSAT）探测到。eROSITA目前正在进行的全天巡天将为今后的观测运行提供非常有用的比较，将明显的候选X射线对应物的数量减少95%。
英文摘要：
The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory followed up 18 gravitational wave (GW) triggers from the LIGO/Virgo collaboration during the O3 observing run in 2019/2020, performing approximately 6500 pointings in total. Of these events, four were finally classified (if real) as binary black hole (BH) triggers, six as binary neutron star (NS) events, two each of NSBH and Mass Gap triggers, one an unmodelled (Burst) trigger, and the remaining three were subsequently retracted. Thus far, four of these O3 triggers have been formally confirmed as real gravitational wave events. While no likely electromagnetic counterparts to any of these GW events have been identified in the X-ray data (to an average upper limit of 3.60 x 10^{-12} erg cm^{-2} s^{-1} over 0.3-10 keV), or at other wavelengths, we present a summary of all the Swift-XRT observations performed during O3, together with typical upper limits for each trigger observed. The majority of X-ray sources detected during O3 were previously uncatalogued; while some of these will be new (transient) sources, others are simply too faint to have been detected by earlier survey missions such as ROSAT. The all-sky survey currently being performed by eROSITA will be a very useful comparison for future observing runs, reducing the number of apparent candidate X-ray counterparts by up to 95 per cent.
LVK S241125n: Massive Binary Black Hole Merger Produces Gamma Ray Burst in Active Galactic Nucleus Disk
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Università degli Studi di Ferrara（费拉拉大学）；ICRANet（国际相对论天体物理中心网络）；Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马大学）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo（意大利国家天体物理研究所阿布鲁佐天文台）；Shanghai Astronomical Observatory（上海天文台）；Ningbo University（宁波大学）
A Joint Search for the Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Gravitational-Wave Binary Black-Hole Merger Candidate S250328ae with the Dark Energy Camera and the Prime Focus Spectrograph
Constraints on the VHE counterpart of two binary black hole mergers observed by the MAGIC and CTAO LST-1 telescopes
Tokai University（东海大学）；Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙线研究所）；ETH Zürich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）；INFN and Universit‘a degli Studi di Siena（意大利国家核物理研究所与锡耶纳大学）；Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology（巴塞罗那高等物理研究所（IFAE），巴塞罗那科学与技术学院）；Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM（巴黎萨克雷大学，巴黎西岱大学，法国原子能和替代能源委员会（CEA），法国国家科学研究中心（CNRS），天体物理学和分子动力学实验室（AIM））；FSLAC IRL 2009, CNRS/IAC（中法高能天体物理联合实验室（FSLAC），法国国家科学研究中心/加那利群岛天体物理研究所（CNRS/IAC））；Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB（巴塞罗那大学量子物理与天体物理学系，宇宙科学研究所，加泰罗尼亚天体物理研究所（IEEC-UB)）
