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arXiv 2009.11222cs.LGcs.AIstat.ML
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基于众包标签的有限教育数据的表示学习

Representation Learning from Limited Educational Data with Crowdsourced Labels

Michigan State University(密歇根州立大学);TAL Education Group(好未来教育集团);Tsinghua University(清华大学)

Wentao Wang, Guowei Xu, Wenbiao Ding, Gale Yan Huang, Guoliang Li, Jiliang Tang, Zitao Liu

摘要:

表示学习已被证明在机器学习模型在众多任务中取得空前成功的过程中发挥着重要作用,例如机器翻译、人脸识别和推荐。大多数现有的表示学习方法通常需要大量一致且无噪声的标签。然而,由于预算限制和隐私问题等各种原因,标签在许多现实场景中非常有限。直接将标准的表示学习方法应用于小的标记数据集将很容易遇到过拟合问题,并导致次优解决方案。更糟糕的是,在教育等领域,有限的标签通常由具有不同专业知识的多个工作人员注释,这在这种众包环境中产生了噪音和不一致性。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的框架,旨在从有限的数据与众包标签学习有效的表示。具体来说,我们设计了一个基于分组的深度神经网络,从有限数量的训练样本中学习嵌入,并提出了一个贝叶斯置信估计器来捕获众包标签之间的不一致性。此外,为了加快训练过程中,我们开发了一个硬的例子选择过程,自适应地拿起训练样本,被错误分类的模型。在三个真实世界的数据集上进行的大量实验表明,与各种最先进的基线相比,我们的框架在从具有众包标签的有限数据中学习表示方面具有优越性。此外,我们提供了一个全面的分析,我们提出的框架的每个主要组成部分,并介绍了它在我们的实际生产中取得的可喜成果,以充分了解所提出的框架。

英文摘要:

Representation learning has been proven to play an important role in the unprecedented success of machine learning models in numerous tasks, such as machine translation, face recognition and recommendation. The majority of existing representation learning approaches often require a large number of consistent and noise-free labels. However, due to various reasons such as budget constraints and privacy concerns, labels are very limited in many real-world scenarios. Directly applying standard representation learning approaches on small labeled data sets will easily run into over-fitting problems and lead to sub-optimal solutions. Even worse, in some domains such as education, the limited labels are usually annotated by multiple workers with diverse expertise, which yields noises and inconsistency in such crowdsourcing settings. In this paper, we propose a novel framework which aims to learn effective representations from limited data with crowdsourced labels. Specifically, we design a grouping based deep neural network to learn embeddings from a limited number of training samples and present a Bayesian confidence estimator to capture the inconsistency among crowdsourced labels. Furthermore, to expedite the training process, we develop a hard example selection procedure to adaptively pick up training examples that are misclassified by the model. Extensive experiments conducted on three real-world data sets demonstrate the superiority of our framework on learning representations from limited data with crowdsourced labels, comparing with various state-of-the-art baselines. In addition, we provide a comprehensive analysis on each of the main components of our proposed framework and also introduce the promising results it achieved in our real production to fully understand the proposed framework.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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