螺旋自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中稳定的二维孤子复合体
Stable two-dimensional soliton complexes in Bose-Einstein condensates with helicoidal spin-orbit coupling
摘要：
我们发现具有螺旋空间周期性自旋轨道耦合（SOC）的二维旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体支持丰富多样的稳定基本孤子和束缚孤子复合体.这些状态存在的化学势属于半无限隙的带谱中创建的周期性调制的SOC。所有这些状态存在高于一定的阈值的规范。基孤子的化学势到达最低能带的底部，其轨迹是Bloch动量空间中的一个环，环的半径是SOC强度的非单调函数.孤子复合物的化学势不能到达带边。复合物是几个异相基孤子的束缚态，其中心位于SOC调制相位的局部最大值处。从这个意义上讲，螺旋形SOC景观对孤子的影响类似于周期性二维势。特别地，它可以补偿异相孤子之间的排斥力，使它们的束缚态稳定。扩展的稳定域被发现的两个和四个孤子（偶极子和四极子，分别）的复合物。它们通常在化学势的临界值以下是稳定的。
英文摘要：
We show that attractive two-dimensional spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with helicoidal spatially periodic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) support a rich variety of stable fundamental solitons and bound soliton complexes. Such states exist with chemical potentials belonging to the semi-infinite gap in the band spectrum created by the periodically modulated SOC. All these states exist above a certain threshold value of the norm. The chemical potential of fundamental solitons attains the bottom of the lowest band, whose locus is a ring in the space of Bloch momenta, and the radius of the ring is a non-monotonous function of the SOC strength. The chemical potential of soliton complexes does not attain the band edge. The complexes are bound states of several out-of-phase fundamental solitons whose centers are placed at local maxima of the SOC-modulation phase. In this sense, the impact of the helicoidal SOC landscape on the solitons is similar to that of a periodic two-dimensional potential. In particular, it can compensate repulsive forces between out-of-phase solitons, making their bound states stable. Extended stability domains are found for complexes built of two and four solitons (dipoles and quadrupoles, respectively). They are typically stable below a critical value of the chemical potential.
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